2801136

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Gas discharge tube arresters (GDTs) are used to prevent damages to electrical and electronic equipment such as insulated cables, high voltage transmission lines, telecommunications systems, and power supplies. They are designed to protect these types of equipment from extreme voltage surges and overvoltage states. Gas discharge tube arresters are divided into two categories: lightning arresters and surge arresters.

Lightning arresters, also known as surge arresters, are designed to prevent damage to electrical and electronic equipment from lightning strikes and other quickly changing voltages. By absorbing the overload current, the lightning arrester redirects it to ground, thereby protecting the equipment from damage. The lightning arrester also includes a resistance element, which limits the current caused by the residual voltage. This helps to minimise or even prevent equipment damage.

Surge arresters are used in longer duration surge protection and work well in preventing power supply overvoltage. Unlike lightning arresters, surge arresters are designed to work with a specific arrester voltage range. The working principle of the surge arrester is based on the self-activation of the arrester\'s semiconductor elements. In order to avoid large voltage differences between the surge arrester and the equipments being protected, the semiconductor elements prevent high voltage fluctuation according to the breakdown voltage of the arrester. When the protected equipment fails, the arrester element limits the additional voltage, therefore allowing the protected equipment to continue working.

The 2801136 application field and working principle of gas discharge tube arresters are varied. In general, they are used to protect telecommunications systems, power supplies, high voltage lines and insulation cables from sudden overvoltage damage. They typically employ limiter resistors, reinforcement diodes, surge filters and power limiting devices to reduce overvoltage transmissions. Lightning arresters act as an electrical safety net, while surge arresters provide surge protection for power supplies and telecommunications systems. By reducing the impact of overvoltage, both of these arrester types help to ensure the continued safe operation of equipment.

In respect to their working principle, the different types of gas discharge tube arresters operate similarly. Both types act as a barrier, redirecting the overload current away from the protected equipment. More specifically, lightning arresters absorb the sudden overload current, while surge arresters act by limiting the additional voltage when the protected equipment fails. By preventing overvoltage transmissions and stabilising the voltage, both types of arrester ensure the continued safe operation of the protected equipment.

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