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TVS (transient voltage suppressors) devices, such as varistors, MOVs (metal oxide varistors) and other components, are widely used in electrical and electronic applications. They are designed to protect electronic circuits and systems from overvoltage transients, which can cause excessive current flow and device failure. A varistor, also known as a voltage-dependent resistor (VDR), is a two-terminal, non-linear device used to protect circuits from destructive voltage events. They are also used to protect against transient voltage surges, lightning strikes, as well as normal overvoltage events.

Varistors are commonly constructed of ceramic semiconductor materials such as zinc oxide, silicon carbide, or gallium arsenide. They can be found inside many electrical appliances, including consumer electronics, medical equipment, and telecom infrastructure. They are also used in automotive and military applications, as well as in industrial and power systems. The main function of a varistor is to absorb and dissipate potential voltage spikes before they reach valuable components within the system.

Varistors are also used to protect against unregulated power surges caused by power fluctuations, voltage spikes, lightning strikes, and electrical shorts. The varistor is connected in parallel with the protected device or circuit and is usually configured as part of an attenuating RC (resistor/capacitor) network. When a transient voltage occurs, it is fed to the varistor, which typically responds within a few nanoseconds. The device then begins to lower its resistance and starts to safely dissipate the excess energy, thereby preventing it from reaching the circuit. As a result, the circuit is protected from dangerous voltage spikes and overvoltage transients.

MOVs (metal oxide varistors) are made using a combination of metal oxides, usually zinc oxide, with other metal alloys. The metal oxide is heated until it reaches a certain temperature, forming a high-resistance semiconductor material. MOVs do not respond to steady-state conditions, but they do react quickly to pulsed or transient overvoltages, making them a popular choice in AC line protection applications. Like varistors, MOVs are also connected in parallel with the protected device in order to absorb and dissipate potential voltage spikes.

MOVs are very common in industrial and consumer electronics, and they are typically used to protect electronic circuits and systems from high-voltage transients, such as lightning strikes. Because of their ability to respond quickly to transient overvoltages, they are effective in protecting AC power lines as well as telecom and automotive systems. They are often used in combination with other components, such as RC networks, to provide protection against a wide range of overvoltage conditions.

TVS devices such as varistors and MOVs are highly effective at protecting electronic circuits and systems against transient overvoltages. By providing a low-impedance path to ground for transient voltages, they help ensure the safety of electronic components and prevent permanent damage. In addition, they provide an inexpensive means of protection for a wide range of applications. With their wide range of capabilities and advantages, they are an essential component in the modern world of electrical and electronic systems.

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