2866776 Power Supplies - External/Internal (Off-Board)

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AC DC Converters are devices that convert alternating current (AC) power into direct current (DC) power. In AC DC converters, energy from an AC power source is rectified and stored in an inductor or capacitor circuit and then regulated and output as DC power. AC DC converters have applications in various fields, such as automotive, telecommunications, industrial control, aerospace, avionics, medical, and consumer electronics.

An essential component of AC DC converters is the rectifier. Rectifiers are used to convert AC input power into DC power by rectifying the AC input voltage waveform. There are two types of rectifiers commonly used in AC DC converters: bridge and full-wave rectifiers. The bridge rectifier employs four diodes, while the full-wave rectifier uses two diodes.

In AC DC converters, a filter is also employed, usually following the rectifier, to convert the DC output voltage waveform into a more consistent sinusoidal waveform. The filter is typically composed of an inductor and capacitor, or inductors and capacitors in series or parallel. The filter is designed to reduce unwanted noise, harmonics, and ripple, resulting in a more usable DC power output.

The next component of an AC DC converter is the voltage regulator. The voltage regulator is used to maintain a constant output voltage. The voltage regulator has three main components: a reference, an error amplifier, and an output driver. The reference component sets the desired output voltage, while the error amplifier compares the actual output voltage with the reference. If the output voltage is not equal to the reference, the error amplifier sends a signal to the output driver, which adjusts the output voltage accordingly.

The final component of AC DC converters is the switch. The switch is used to control the flow of power to the load. The most commonly used switch for AC DC converters is the transistor switch, which is comprised of a source, gate, and drain. When the gate is ON, the source and drain are connected, thus allowing current to flow to the load. When the gate is OFF, the source and drain are disconnected, and the flow of current to the load is interrupted.

The applications for AC DC converters are broad. For example, AC DC converters are used in automotive systems, including alternators, starters, and electric power steering systems. They are also used in electrical substations as voltage regulators. In telecommunications, AC DC converters are used for battery back-up systems and to power switches, line cards, amplifiers, and other devices. In industrial control, they are used to power and control motors and other equipment. In aerospace and avionics applications, AC DC converters are used to provide power to avionics systems and components.

In conclusion, AC DC converters are versatile devices used to convert AC power into usable DC power. AC DC converters employ rectifiers, filters, voltage regulators, and switches to output a usable DC power. AC DC converters have numerous applications in fields such as automotive, telecommunications, industrial control, aerospace, avionics, medical, and consumer electronics.

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