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D-sub cables are a diverse and commonly misnamed group of cables, including VGA, DVI, HDMI, and DisplayPort. All of these cables can be used for a variety of applications, but each has a different working principle.

VGA cables, short for Video Graphics Array, were developed as a means of connecting computers to monitors in the 1980s. They are usually the widest of the group, with 15 pins, or 9 pins for mini VGA cables. VGA utilizes analog signals to transmit video and audio signals from the source to the display. This technology is still widely used today, and is the most common of the D-sub cables.

DVI (Digital Visual Interface) cables were developed later, in the late 1990s, as a way of transmitting the then-new digital signals. DVI uses a digital signal to transmit audio and video from the source to the display. It comes in three different varieties; single link, dual link, and dual link with HDCP. Single link DVI can transmit up to 1920x1200 resolution at 60Hz, while dual link can transmit up to 2560x1600 resolution at 60Hz. DVI cables have 18 to 24 pins, depending on the type.

HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) was developed in 2002, as a way of transmitting highest-quality digital video and audio from the source to the display. HDMI is a much more advanced version of DVI, with up to 10.2Gbps bandwidth, 3D and 4K support, and up to 19 pins. It can transmit up to 4096x2160 resolution at 60Hz, along with surround sound audio.

DisplayPort is the newest of the group, and was developed as a replacement for VGA and DVI. It is the most advanced of all the D-sub cables, with a bandwidth of up to 21.6Gbps and support for 3D and 4K resolutions. It also supports up to 8 audio channels, making it the best option for audio-visual setups. DisplayPort can used with up to 21 pins, depending on the type.

As can be seen, each type of cable has its own purpose and working principle. VGA is best suited to older technology, while DVI offers a slightly better connection for modern systems. HDMI is best for high-definition systems, and DisplayPort is the most advanced of all the options. Whether you\'re connecting a PC to a monitor or setting up a home theatre system, setting up the correct cables can make all the difference.

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