2938879

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AC DC Converters

2938879 application field and working principle

AC/DC converters convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). AC/DC converter consists of either one or two stages; single-stage converters and two-stage converters. The two-stage converter includes both a rectifier circuit and an inverter circuit; whereas the single-stage converter includes only one of these circuits.

AC/DC converters are often used in industrial applications such as electromechanical energy conversion, DC electric vehicle battery charging and in power supplies for computers, mobile phones and other electronics.

Single-Stages Converters

Single-stage converters are typically used for low-power applications with relatively low voltage ratings. They are also used in controlled rectifier circuits.A single stage converter normally contains the following components: power transformer, rectifier diode, rectifier transistor, input capacitor, inductor, output capacitor and filter capacitor.

The working principle of single-stage converters is simple. The power transformer converts the AC input voltage into a corresponding DC voltage. The rectifier diode converts the AC voltage into DC voltage. The rectifier transistor switches the converted DC voltage to the output. Finally, the output is filtered and stabilized with a filter capacitor.

Two-Stage Converters

Two-stage converters are typically used for high-power applications such as DC motor drives and AC motor controls.Two-stage converters have two main components, a rectifier circuit and an inverter circuit. The rectifier circuit converts the AC input voltage into a corresponding DC voltage. The inverter circuit converts the converted DC voltage into AC voltage for the output.

The working principle of two-stage converters is more complex than that of single-stage converters. In the rectifier circuit, the power transformer step-down voltages and the rectifier diode rectifies the voltage into the corresponding DC voltage. In the inverter circuit, the switching transistor switches the converted DC voltage to the corresponding AC voltage and the output is further stabilized with a filter capacitor.

A two-stage converter provides more control over the output voltage than a single-stage converter. Two-stage converters are commonly used for industrial applications such as electromechanical energy conversion, DC electric vehicle battery charging and industrial power supplies.

Conclusion

AC/DC converters are used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). Single-stage converters are typically used for low-power applications while two-stage converters are used for high-power applications such as DC motor drives and AC motor controls. The working principle of both types of converters is simple; however two-stage converters provide more control over the output voltage than single-stage converters. AC/DC converters are often used in industrial applications such as electromechanical energy conversion, DC electric vehicle battery charging and power supplies for computers, mobile phones and other electronics.

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