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Common Mode Chokes

Introduction

Common Mode Chokes, also known as CM chokes, are a type of electrical component used to stop or reduce common-mode noise in signals transmitted across two or more conductors. Common-mode noise is noise that is "shared" and equally disturbing on all parts of a signal. Common mode chokes are designed to stop this noise by blocking the common current and allowing the desired signal to pass through. Common mode chokes are used in many applications, including power supplies and audio systems, and come in two main types: air core and ferrite.

Types of Common Mode Chokes

Air core chokes consist of a coil of wire wound around a ferrite core that is then placed in a magnetic field. Air core common mode chokes reduce common-mode noise by providing resistive and inductive damping to the signal. Ferrite core chokes are typically used for higher frequencies and consist of a wound coil of wire around a ferrite core that is placed in a magnetic field.

Application Field and Working Principle

Common mode chokes are used in many applications such as power supplies, audio systems, and data transmission. They work to reduce common-mode noise by providing resistive and inductive damping to the signal. The resistance of the choke reduces the amount of current allowed to pass through while the inductance of the choke works to create a frequency-dependent impedance that disrupts the noise.

Common mode chokes are used in power supplies to reduce the electrical interference generated by the power components. The chokes are used to reduce the common-mode currents that travel between the power supply and the ground. This helps to reduce both the noise generated by the power supply itself and any noise generated from outside sources.

Common mode chokes are also used in audio systems for two key reasons. The first is to reduce the amount of electromagnetic interference caused by the device. The chokes help to reduce any noise that may be generated from surrounding sources. The second reason is to reduce the hum and noise caused by the power supply and other system components. By using a common mode choke, it is possible to isolate the power supply and audio components from each other, thus reducing the amount of hum and noise in the system.

In data transmission, common mode chokes are used to reduce the amount of cross-talk and other distortion caused by the data cables. Common mode chokes work to isolate the transmit and receive directions of the cable by creating an impedance differential between the two. This helps to reduce the amount of noise generated by the cable, as well as any signals that may be travelling in the opposite direction.

Common mode chokes are also used in other applications such as industrial control systems and medical diagnostic equipment. In industrial control systems, the common mode chokes help to reduce the amount of noise being generated by the motors and other components. In medical diagnostics, the chokes help to reduce the amount of interference being generated by nearby sources such as electrocardiograms.

Conclusion

Common mode chokes are an important type of electrical component that is used to reduce the amount of noise generated by various electrical components. They work by providing resistive and inductive damping to the signal and can be used in a variety of applications, including power supplies, audio systems, and data transmissions. By using common mode chokes, it is possible to reduce the amount of noise in a system as well as any signals that may be travelling in the opposite direction.

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