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Temperature Sensors - Thermostats - Mechanical

A mechanical thermostat is an analog or digital device that is used to control temperature in a process, service, or environment; it is composed of a sensing element, a setpoint adjustment, and an actuation device. The setpoint is the temperature at which the thermostat is set to switch states, either on or off. The sensing element responds to changes in temperature and communicates the resulting change in temperature across the range from the setpoint to the actuation device. The actuation device is typically an electrical switch, but can also be a mechanical switch, a motor, or a valve, depending on the application.

One of the most common types of mechanical thermostats is the bi-metallic thermostat, which relies on the properties of two different metals with differing coefficients of thermal expansion rates. The two metals are mechanically joined together in a coil, and the resulting coiled metal strip is joined to the sensing element. As temperature changes, the two metals expand and contract at different rates, producing a twist in the coiled strip. This twist is transferred to the sensing element, which then activates the actuation device at the setpoint temperature. Bi-metallic thermostats are often used in ovens, furnaces, heat lamps, and even in HVAC systems.

Solid-state or electronic thermostats are also popular due to their accuracy, small size, and relatively low cost. Unlike the bi-metallic strip, an electronic thermostat senses temperature using a thermistor (a temperature-sensitive resistor). As the temperature changes, the resistance of the thermistor also changes, which is then measured using an analog-to-digital converter and communicated to the actuation device. Solid-state thermostats are often used in refrigerators, freezers, and air-conditioning systems.

Finally, mechanical thermostats can also be used to measure air flow in industrial applications. This is done by using a spring-loaded vane to sense the flow of air and send a signal to the actuation device. This type of thermostat is often used in fans, blowers, and other air-moving applications.

In conclusion, mechanical thermostats are a type of temperature sensor used in a variety of applications. The most common types are bi-metallic, solid-state, and flow-sensing. They are relatively inexpensive and accurate, making them a popular choice for many temperature-control applications.

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