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Fixed Inductors (or “coils”) are electronic components made of an electrically insulated wire wound together in the form of a helix. The word “inductance” is derived from the same root as the word “induction”, and a fixed inductor essentially performs the same function as an inductor – it induces an electromotive force in a circuit. The inductance is determined by the physical characteristics of the coil, such as its diameter, length, number of turns and material type. The resulting electrical effect is a current or voltage through the coil, and the overall circuit response is determined in part by the self-inductance of the coil.

There are many different types of fixed inductors and their application fields vary greatly. Generally speaking, the two most common applications are in the form of filters and tuned circuits. A filter is typically used to limit or control the amount of current passing through it, where the number of turns in the coil determines its pass band. Similarly, the inductance of a coil can be varied (or “tuned”) by adjusting its number of turns, which can be used to shape the response of the circuit, for instance by creating a resonance frequency or removing unwanted frequencies.

The working principle of a fixed inductor is based on the physics of Maxwell\'s equations, which describe the interactions between electric and magnetic fields. According to the law of induction, whenever current is applied to a fixed inductor, it generates a magnetic field, and when this field is changed it induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the coil. Thus, a fixed inductor can act as either an active or passive component, depending on the amount and direction of current applied. As a passive component, it impedes the flow of current, which is useful for filtering out unnecessary frequencies in a signal.

When current is applied to a fixed inductor in the form of an alternating current (AC), the inductor will produce a sinusoidal EMF, which is dependent on the frequency of the AC signal and the inductance of the coil. As well, if the same coil is connected in series with a capacitor, the two components form what is known as a tuned circuit, where the current and EMF waveform is determined by the reactance of the combination of components and the frequency of the input AC signal. Such tuned circuits are commonly used in radios, TV receivers, and amplifiers.

Fixed inductors have many useful applications, both alone and in combination with other components. They are used in a wide variety of consumer electronics, such as TVs, radios, and stereos, as well as industrial applications, such as motor control systems and automated testing equipment. Fixed inductors can also be found in many types of power supplies, including switching power supplies and flyback transformers, as well as other, more specialised applications.

In summary, fixed inductors are electrical components made of wires which are wound into a helical shape. Their principle of operation is based on the law of induction, and their common applications involve acting as either a filter or a tuned circuit. They can be used for a variety of different purposes, ranging from consumer electronics to industrial applications, and can be combined with other components to create larger and more complex circuits.

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