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1. Light-Emitting Diode (LED)

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n junction diode, which emits light when activated. When a suitable current is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence.

2. Application Field

LEDs have many applications in which conventional incandescent and fluorescent light sources are used for lighting and displays. LEDs are used in medical devices for illumination, to indicate operation, display information and provide sensory feedback.

3. Working Principle

The working principle of an LED can be understood by looking at the structure and design model of a diode. LEDs are made up of two layers of a semiconductor material, typically aluminum gallium arsenide or gallium phosphide. These layers are formed by doping the semiconductor material with beneficial elements such as phosphorous or boron. The inner layer is slightly negatively charged and is called the electron hole, while the outer layer is slightly positively charged and is called the electron.

When the electrical current passes through the LED, the electrons in the outer layer are pushed out, while the electrons in the inner layer are attracted to the outer layer. This creates a flow of electrons across the LED and as the electrons move, they generate energy in the form of photons. Thus, LEDs emit light.

LEDs are efficient light sources and are much more energy-efficient than traditional incandescent and fluorescent lighting. Due to their low heat-generation, LED lights consume approximately 80% less energy than incandescent lighting, and last up to 50 times longer than incandescent bulbs. LED light bulbs also produce virtually no heat, making them an ideal replacement for heat-generating fluorescent and incandescent lights.

4. Conclusion

LEDs have revolutionized the field of lighting and display technology and are becoming increasingly popular for lighting, medical applications and other applications where illumination is necessary. LEDs are more efficient than traditional lighting, costing less to operate and requiring less maintenance. Thus, LEDs have become a much more attractive alternative than traditional lighting solutions, offering greater efficiency and longer lifespans.

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