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Embedded - CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices)

CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices) are integrated circuits, usually used in the embedded electronics industry. This technology was developed and released in the early 1980s by several computer companies and has since become a standard component in many consumer products, such as televisions, appliances, and computers. CPLDs provide a large number of integrated logic gates and flip-flops on a single chip, which can be configured to perform a variety of functions.

As the name indicates, CPLDs are constructed with combinations of logic elements to perform the desired functions. Logic elements consist of combinational logic circuits and sequential logic circuits, which together can be programmed to perform simple or complex tasks. The logic elements can be programmed using standard high level languages, such as Verilog or VHDL, or using more specific Embedded Control Language, such as assembly language, microcode, and machine code. Each logic element consists of several register bits, and the number of register bits is split into several memory blocks. To choose a particular concept, the programmer can program the logic elements with the help of memory blocks.

The CPLD\'s main application field is the development of embedded control systems, where it is used to control the behavior of a microprocessor. The CPLD works with the microprocessor to determine the way the microprocessor should execute code and how it should respond to inputs. CPLDs can be connected together to switch and store information, or they can be used as part of a complete control network. CPLDs also find use in consumer electronics and automobile electronics, as they provide a convenient way to connect and control many components.

The working principle of a CPLD is similar to that of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Like an FPGA, a CPLD contains a number of logic elements that must be programmed to design a custom logic circuit. The main difference between a CPLD and an FPGA is that a CPLD is usually composed of larger logic elements. Also, a CPLD does not require sequential loading of bits as an FPGA does, as the CPLD\'s logic elements are preset. Furthermore, CPLDs are usually programmed using higher-level programming languages, such as Verilog and VHDL, while FPGAs require more detailed, low-level languages, such as machine code.

In conclusion, CPLDs are integrated circuits that are designed for the specialized purpose of controlling processes in a microprocessor or other embedded system. They are programmed in higher-level languages such as Verilog, VHDL and assembly language, and consist of combinational logic circuits and sequential logic circuits. CPLDs provide a large number of logic elements and are used in a variety of industries, most notably the consumer electronics, automobile electronics and embedded control industries.

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