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Common Mode Chokes (CMCs) provide impedance in the embedded EMC filtering applications. They are used to reduce the magnitude of common mode currents that can be generated in high-frequency circuits. These current leaks can cause interference and other electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues, and common mode chokes provide an effective way of managing them.

A common mode choke consists of a coil winding, and a ferrite core. The coil is wound onto the core, and acts as an inductor,2 which provides an impedance in the return path of the network.

Common mode chokes are also known as common mode inductors, and are used to block the currents that flow in the common mode, while allowing the wanted signals to pass. Common mode chokes are used in both analog and digital applications, and are essential components for EMC compliance.

CMCs are used in a variety of applications, such as power supplies, motor drives, and in signal conditioning circuits. In power supplies, they are used to suppress the common mode noise generated by the high frequency switching components. For motor drives, they are used to suppress the common mode noise that is generated by the high torque switching of the motor. In signal conditioning circuits, they are used to reduce common mode noise generated by signal lines.

The working principle of a common mode choke is that it can be modeled as an inductor. The inductor acts as a filter on the differential mode signal, and the common mode signal is blocked by the inductor, thus reducing the noise in the circuit. The inductor also increases the impedance of the circuit, which helps to reduce the transmission of common mode signals.

The characteristics of these components are determined by the number of turns in the coil, the size of the core, and the frequency of operation. Generally, the higher the frequency of operation, the higher the inductance, and the higher the number of turns in the coil, the higher the inductance as well. The core size also impacts the characteristics of these components, as a larger core will provide more inductance than a smaller one.

Common mode chokes have become increasingly popular in recent years, as they provide an effective way to reduce EMC disturbances and improve system performance. They are available in a wide range of sizes and specifications, and are used in many different types of applications, from high frequency power supplies to motor drives.

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