78133075 RF/IF and RFID

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77133075 RFI and EMI - Shielding and Absorbing Materials

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) are common causes of interference in all types of electronic systems. Without proper shielding, RFI and EMI can interfere with sensitive electronic components, leading to system malfunctions and decreased performance. To prevent this, designers must understand the application field of shielding materials, as well as their respective working principles.

Both RFI and EMI can be caused by sources of electrical energy such as power supplies, motors, and other devices in the environment. The slower the frequency of the energy, the more difficult it is to contain it. Shielding materials such as ferrite, copper, aluminum, and conductive fabric can be used to block and contain both RFI and EMI.

Ferrite materials are capable of blocking a wide range of frequencies spanning from low frequency (LF) to ultra-high frequency (UHF). The ferrite absorbs RFI and EMI, reducing its amplitude and preventing the interference from entering the shielding material. It also suppresses any interference generated by the device itself.

Copper and aluminum are metals commonly used for shielding high-frequency electromagnetic fields. Copper is the most popular choice, as it is highly conductive and will not corrode easily. At low levels of frequency, copper provides flawless shields that are completely impermeable. However, at higher frequencies, its effectiveness decreases, particularly in the presence of stray noise, so it should be used only as a supplemental material.

Conductive fabrics are typically used for portable systems and in locations where space is limited. They are built with a combination of metal and fabric fibers, which provide higher levels of shielding than ferrite materials. They are flexible and lightweight, while still providing effective shielding.

The working principles of shielding materials are related to their ability to absorb and reflect the electromagnetic energy, which makes them an effective means of preventing RFI and EMI interference. Different materials have different levels of shielding capability and are used for different applications. Ferrite materials are the most widely used option, as they can be used for a wide range of frequencies. Copper is the preferred choice for high frequency applications, while conductive fabrics are ideal for portable systems and are more flexible than metal shielding materials.

In summary, shielding materials are essential for controlling electromagnetic interference in sensitive applications. Designers must understand the types of materials available, and their respective working principles. Ferrite, copper, aluminum, and conductive fabrics are all effective materials for preventing RFI and EMI, and are used to varying degrees in different applications.

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