824521201 Circuit Protection

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TVS - Diodes

TVS (Transient Voltage Suppression) diodes are invaluable components when looking to protect sensitive electronic circuits from the damaging effects of voltage transients and surges. Their ability to respond quickly and safely to overvoltage situations can be the difference between crucial systems and components surviving a lightning strike or similar event, and catastrophic failure.

824521201 Application Field and Working Principle

TVS diode components are typically designed to protect electronics and electrical systems from voltage transients generated by external sources like lighting strikes. Unlike power diodes, they typically provide protection against plural common-mode transients as well as differential-mode transients that are generated by lightning as well as power line switching events. This makes them much more effective solutions than power diodes, which are predominantly designed to protect against power line transients and surges.

TVS diodes are constructed of a number of diodes that are connected either as series strings or by a configuration known as a junction diode matrix. The majority of the diodes within a TVS component are forward-biased, and the main function of it is to clamp any voltage transient that exceeds its breakdown voltage (either common-mode or differential-mode). This is achieved by a series of diodes (known as avalanche diodes) turning on when the voltage level of the transient approaches the breakdown voltage, and then quickly turning off when the transient voltage passes.

The other diodes, which are typically referred to as surge-block diodes, can detect and limit repetitive overvoltage events. This is done by limiting the total amount of current that can pass through the TVS diode and thereby providing protection against any further overvoltage events. This is particularly important in situations where an electrical system or circuit is subjected to continuous overvoltage transients, as the surge-blocking diodes can effectively protect the system or circuit from damage or destruction.

TVS diodes can also be used in a reverse-bias configuration in order to protect against reverse-polarity overvoltage transients. This is typically done in order to protect regular diodes from any reverse-bias voltage transients that may occur. In this configuration, the TVS diode is placed between the input source and the output load, and any reverse-bias voltage transients will cause the diode to turn on, thereby limiting the amount of current that passes through the circuit and protecting the other components from damage.

Overall, TVS diodes provide protection against high frequency voltage transients and surges, and can be used in a variety of different applications. Their fast response time, low leakage current, and superior surge-limiting performance make them an effective solution for protecting both electronic circuits and electrical systems from the damaging effects of overvoltage transients and surges.

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