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The TVS (transient voltage suppressor) is a protection device that is used to suppress high voltage transients, such as those caused by a surge or lightning strike. These parts are available in various forms, including Varistors, MOVs (metal oxide varistors) and silicon-controlled rectifiers, or SCRs. Each type of TVS has its own application field and working principle.

Varistors

Varistors, also called Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs), are non-linear components that are highly effective in protecting sensitive equipment from the threats of transient overvoltage. These devices have been designed to halt any excessive surge voltages and current, and they are typically used in low-voltage applications. Varistors are constructed out of a disc-shaped ceramic body that contains a mix of uniformly distributed metal oxide particles. These particles are connected to a pair of conducting plates (electrodes) and , when the incoming surge voltage exceeds a certain limit, electrons are released from the particles and begin to flow freely across the plates, thereby suppressing the surge voltage.

MOVs

MOVs, also known as Metal Oxide Varistors, are components that are designed to protect sensitive equipment from the threats of transient overvoltage. MOVs are constructed from a metal oxide layer sandwiched between two metal plates. This oxide layer acts as a semiconductor, and when an excessive voltage is applied, electrons are released from it and conduct across the plates, thereby suppressing the surge voltage. MOVs are commonly used in applications such as power transmission lines, electricity meters, motor servers, building automation systems, and others.

Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs)

SCRs are semiconductor devices that are used to protect against surges and transients in electrical systems. SCRs are constructed from a combination of silicon and ceramic materials, and they are one of the most efficient components for suppressing transients. When an excessively high voltage is applied, electrons are released from the SCR and they begin to flow across the conducting plates, thereby dissipating the surge energy. SCRs are commonly used in applications such as motor controllers, electricity meters, and others where transient suppression is desired.

As can be seen, the TVS is an invaluable tool when it comes to protecting sensitive equipment from dangerous transients and surges. Varistors, MOVs, and SCRs are three of the most common types of TVS, each of which has its own application field and working principle.