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In the world of electronic components, MOVs (metal oxide varistors) and TVS (transient voltage suppressors) are two ubiquitous devices used to protect electronic systems from overvoltage transients. Both types of devices are critical in today’s modern technology, providing protection from voltages and transients. Although similar in many ways, the two devices are in fact quite distinct.

A MOV is a passive device made up of an oxide compound in a ceramic disk. When a voltage is applied to the MOV, the oxide material changes its electrical properties in order to limit the current passing through the device. MOVs can be used in many applications including surge protection, EMI suppression, and overvoltage protection. In order to be effective against transient spikes, an MOV must be connected in parallel across the points of high capacitance. In order to absorb the majority of the transient voltage, the MOV must have an appropriate value.

TVSs are similar to MOVs in that they are also made of a ceramic material and can be used for overvoltage suppression. However, the two have a key difference: TVSs are actively triggered devices that react instantaneously to high voltages, whereas MOVs are passive devices that only become operational after a certain voltage is reached. Additionally, TVSs have the ability to clamp the voltage at a certain level and thus have a higher voltage absorption rating than MOVs. Unlike MOVs which are connected in parallel across the points of high capacitance, TVSs should be connected in series between the power supply and the component being protected.

When it comes to application, MOVs are often used to protect against low level EMI (electromagnetic interference) pulses, while TVSs are used for higher level overvoltage suppression. In terms of surge protection, MOVs are often used in the slower, lower-power applications such as consumer electronics, while TVSs are used for higher-power, faster applications found in industries like telecom and power. Both MOVs and TVSs are essential for providing the required level of voltage and surge protection.

Overall, both MOVs and TVSs are important elements in electronic protection, each playing a critical role in protecting against voltage transients. While both MOVs and TVSs have similar applications, their working principles are very different: MOVs are passive devices that work by utilizing the changes in electrical properties of an oxide material, while TVSs are actively triggered devices that clamp the voltage at a certain level.

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