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TVS – Varistors, MOVs

TVS or transient voltage suppression devices are components that protect circuits against overvoltage transients. TVS devices are commonly found in many electronic circuits. They vary in size, types of protection offered and working principle. Commonly there are two types of TVS devices - Varistor and MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor).

A Varistor is a voltage-dependent resistor and it operates in a nonlinear manner. It consists of two terminals and a ceramic material placed in between them, filled with dielectric medium. When the energized voltage is applied between these two electrodes, it creates a current within the device. This type of TVS device is capable of protecting a circuit Against very high voltage overshoots. This means, if the voltage exceeds the defined level of protection, the Varistor conducts current, thus current passes through it allowing energy to be dissipated as heat.

An MOV, also known as Metal Oxide Varistor, is an alternate usually cheaper version of Varistor. This type of TVS also operates in the same nonlinear manner as Varistors, but is made of zener diode and can absorb almost twice the energy, compared to Varistor. MOVs are most commonly used as surge suppression devices. When the voltage is low, the MOVs don’t conduct, but as the voltage reaches a certain limit, it starts to conduct, thus limiting the voltage.

In summary, Varistors and MOVs both are voltage dependent devices that protect electronic circuits from overvoltage spikes. Varistor is made from two electrodes filled with ceramic material, while MOVs are made up of a zener diode. Varistors can handle higher levels of surged power compared to MOVs. Both devices provide protection against overvoltage, but the difference lies in their level of protection and energy absorption capabilities.

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