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Current transformer (CT) is a kind of current transducer, which is used to measure the current (usually in AC system) flowing in a circuit. And it is widely used for protection, measurement and control in power system. The basic construction of a current transformer is the same as that of a power transformer. It consists of two windings; a primary winding and a secondary winding, separated by a magnetic core. When current passes through the primary winding, the alternating magnetic flux induces an alternating EMF in the secondary winding. Because the construction of the secondary winding is essentially that of a normal transformer, the ratio of this induced EMF to the flux in the core can be found. The magnitude of the EMF determines the rate of the current flowing through the secondary winding, known as the rated current of the transformer.

The application field of CT (current transformer) can be roughly divided into four categories: protective current transformer, indicating current transformer, metering current transformer and reactive current transformer. Protective current transformer, also known as Instrument current transformer, is mainly used for protection in power system. Its main functions are supplying power to relays and protective instruments and providing them with currents of appropriate magnitude. When there is a sudden surge in the current, this type of transformer will reduce the current supplied and send the information to the protection device. Indicating current transformer, used to directly measure the current, is usually installed in the equipment connected to the power grid. The measured current will be showed on the indicator of the device. This type of transformer usually has a small range of rated output current, and the accuracy is high. Metering current transformer, as its name implies, usually used for power metering. The full range of current will flow through the primary winding, and the secondary winding will supply a metering device with a rated current to indicates the value of the current. Reactive current transformer is used to measure the reactive current in the electrical circuits.

The working principle of CT is based on the transformer effect. When current passes through the primary winding, it leaves a magnetic field around the surrounding area. This magnetic flux, when passes through the secondary winding, induces a voltage of predetermined value in it. This induced voltage is proportional to the input current and the turns ratio of the primary and secondary windings. The voltage in the secondary winding can then be amplified with an amplifier or used directly in a circuit to measure the value of the current.

CT is versatile and widely used in electric power system, such as instrumentation, circuit protection, and measurement applications. It is an inexpensive, safe and reliable instrument. To measure current safely, it should have insulated construction, which needs to be double or triple wound. Also, proper insulation measures should be taken to prevent any short circuit in the transformer. It is also important to note that the transformer should be sealed properly to protect the core and winding from dust, moisture or other foreign material, and should operate under rated loads with no permanent damage.

Therefore, CT can be rightly said as an important device used in AC power system. Its good performance, high accuracy, low cost, easy maintenance, and excellent mechanical durability make it a preferred choice among all current transducers. With its wide application fields and reliable performance, it has been used extensively in the energy industry for measuring and protecting the power system. It plays an important role in the power system, allowing the electricity to flow safely and efficiently and thereby ensuring the safety of the system.

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