ICT-5 Circuit Protection

The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of end-user devices, sensors, and servers that communicate and interact with one another. It is estimated that within the next decade most of the world’s population will be connected through these interconnected networks. With this proliferation of connected devices, the security of data exchanged over the networks is of paramount importance. One way of safeguarding data is to use TVS (transient voltage suppressor) diodes, which are used in a wide range of applications.

TVS diodes provide protection against surges in voltages or currents. These surges, which can be caused by power surges, lightning, and electrostatic discharge, can cause significant damage to electronic components. To avoid this damage, the diodes must be used to monitor the voltage and current flowing though the component. This is done by connecting the cathode (negative terminal) of the diode to the electrical ground, and the anode (positive terminal) to the component that is to be protected.

TVS diodes come in a variety of sizes, with different ratings for maximum voltages and currents. Depending on the electrical characteristics of the component to be protected, the appropriate diode must be chosen. For example, a Schottky diode can be used for fast switching applications, whereas a Zener diode provides a lower resistance, allowing it to absorb large surges in electrical current.

TVS diodes are used in a variety of applications. The most common application is in power strips, chargers, and other electrical devices. This application is used to protect the device from power surges and accidental short circuits. TVS diodes can also be found in automotive systems, such as airbag deployment systems, fuel injectors, and lighting systems. In addition, TVS diodes are used in communication systems, medical devices, and portable electronics.

The working principle of the TVS diode is relatively simple. Under normal operating conditions, the diode has a low resistance, allowing current to flow freely from the anode to the cathode. When a voltage surge occurs, the resistance of the diode increases rapidly, preventing the current from damaging the component. This allows the diode to act as a “clamping voltage”, limiting the voltage to a maximum level.

In conclusion, TVS diodes provide an effective way of protecting electronic components from electrical surge damage. They are used in a variety of applications, ranging from power strips to automotive systems, and can help to reduce the risk of catastrophic failure. By understanding the working principle of the TVS diode and selecting the correct size and rating for the job, one can ensure that their components remain safe and protected.