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LED Lighting - White

Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting has been rapidly increasing in popularity since its introduction in the early 1960s mainly owing to the advances in technology and its improved efficiency, safety, longevity, and affordability.

A common application of LED lighting is in street lighting or public parks, which are usually covered with white colored LEDs that generate a wider spread of light when compared to other lighting sources such as fluorescent or incandescent bulbs. The efficacy of lighting using LEDs is typically eight times higher than incandescent lamps and three times higher than fluorescent lamps.

The working principle behind white LED lighting can be explained in the following steps:

• Electroluminescence: Electricity is used to actuate the electrons leaving the holes in the semiconductor material and allowing them to recombine. When the electrons reunite, they emit photon energy in the form of light.
• Phosphor conversion: The light emitted from the LEDs contains a wide range of colors and as such needs to be filtered for output in the desired color. This is done by coating the LEDs with a mixture of phosphors which redirects and adjusts the wavelength in a way that it produces a pure, saturated color.
• Stimulated emission: White LED lighting is better achieved by a process known as Stimulated emission. Here, atoms in a laser diode interact with photons of different colors to create a light with an even balance of colors across the visible spectrum.

LEDs are highly efficient and require very little power to operate. Their low electrical consumption is due to their ability to convert electricity into light with minimal energy losses. The lifespan of LEDs can be 50,000 hours or more; meaning that there are very few to no replacements of lightbulbs needed. They are also highly durable and heat resistant, making them ideal for industrial and outdoor applications.

White LEDs are becoming increasingly popular and are used in a variety of applications, such as in automotive lighting, traffic signals, sports stadiums and arenas, stage lighting, avionics, domestic lighting, and searchlights. The application of white LEDs has the potential to reduce energy consumption, reduce global warming, and lead to significantly increased efficiency in many industries.

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