M39003/03-2012/TR

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Tantalum Capacitors - M39003/03-2012/TR Application Field and Working Principle

Tantalum capacitors, also known as tantalum electrochemical capacitors, are one of the most common types of capacitors utilized in electronic circuits. They have numerous advantages when compared to other types of capacitors, including their incredibly low equivalent series resistance (ESR), large capacitance values, and long life-cycle. The M39003/03-2012/TR specification defines the working principle, application fields, constitutions, and other aspects of tantalum capacitors.

Working Principle

Tantalum capacitors are made from an electrolyte (a liquid or gel electrolyte) that is sandwiched between two sheets of metal – typically, one sheet of metal is coated with a protective layer, such as titanium suboxide or tantalum pentoxide, in order to prevent the capacitor from short circuiting. On the other side, the other sheet of metal (often referred to as the anode) is left exposed and is connected to the capacitors positive terminal. When an electrical field is applied to the capacitor, ions (charged particles) from the electrolyte travel across both electrodes, thus creating an electric current that is stored in the capacitor.

In case of solid electrolyte tantalum capacitors, the electrolyte is solidified by drying or congealing it. This effectively replaces the liquid or gel substances with a solid, yet conductive containing prismatic or longitudinal structure, and typically yields higher capacitance values than tantalum capacitors with liquid or gel electrolytes. Other components used in the structure of the capacitor include a cathode lead, an anode lead, a polymer cover, and a conductive resin.

Application Field

As mentioned earlier, tantalum capacitors utilize low ESR and offer incredible capacitance values in comparison to other types of capacitors, making them ideal for situations where high levels of energy storage and rapid discharge are required. Due to their robust construction, tantalum capacitors can also be used in high-vibration and harsh environment applications, such as automotive and avionic systems. These capacitors are also able to tolerate temperatures much higher than other types of capacitors.

The M39003/03-2012/TR specification defines the constants that must be observed when designing and utilizing tantalum capacitors. These include ratings for capacitance, maximum voltage leakage, leakage current, and temperature. These constants serve to define the accepted operating parameters of tantalum capacitors, and should be taken into account when designing a circuit.

Conclusion

Tantalum capacitors have numerous advantages, including low ESR, large capacitance values, and long life-cycles. The M39003/03-2012/TR specification defines the application fields and working principle of tantalum capacitors, as well as the acceptable operating parameters that must be observed when designing a circuit involving these capacitors. As a result, tantalum capacitors have become widely utilized in applications where high levels of energy storage and rapid discharge are required.

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