M39003/09-2015/TR

Operating Temperature:	-55°C ~ 125°C
Failure Rate:	B (0.1%)
Features:	Military
Manufacturer Size Code:	C
Lead Spacing:	--
Height - Seated (Max):	--
Size / Dimension:	0.289" Dia x 0.686" L (7.34mm x 17.42mm)
Package / Case:	Axial
Mounting Type:	Through Hole
Lifetime @ Temp.:	--
Series:	Military, MIL-PRF-39003/9, CSR21
ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance):	75 mOhm
Type:	Hermetically Sealed
Voltage - Rated:	10V
Tolerance:	±20%
Capacitance:	100µF
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):	--
Part Status:	Active
Lead Free Status / RoHS Status:	--
Packaging:	Tape & Reel (TR)

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Tantalum Capacitors

M39003/09-2015/TR Application Field and Working Principle

Tantalum capacitors are a type of electrolytic capacitor, which is constructed with a tantalum metal oxide as the dielectric material. The M39003/09-2015/TR specification outlines the application field and working principle of tantalum capacitors for the defense and aerospace industries. It defines physical and electrical requirements for various parameters such as rated voltage, capacitance range, dc leakage current, and voltage coefficient.

Types of Tantalum Capacitors

Tantalum capacitors can be classified into three types: wet, hermetically sealed, and surface mount capacitors. Wet tantalum capacitors are the most common type and are often used in standard commercial and industrial applications, such as amplifier circuits. These consist of a tantalum anode, a tantalum cathode, and an electrolyte for the electrical connection between the anode and the cathode. Hermetically sealed capacitors are designed for high-reliability military and aerospace applications. These typically have an outer metal shell and may contain a sour gas, such as sulfur hexafluoride, for cathode protection. Surface mount tantalum capacitors are placed directly on the board and are widely used in modern electronics applications.

Capacitance and Polarization

The various types of tantalum capacitors are characterized by their capacitance, which is the amount of charge that can be stored in the dielectric material. This is usually given in units of Farads, or micro-Farads (uF). The polarization is the applied voltage that is required to polarize the capacitor in order to store charge. This is usually given in volts (V) and is determined by the rated voltage of the capacitor.

Construction and Design Considerations

The construction and design of tantalum capacitors are determined by various parameters. The dielectric material is usually a tantalum oxide layer which is produced by metal deposition onto the tantalum metal anode. The anode also consists of small parallel grooves or beads which allow for electrical contact with the cathode. The cathode is usually made of titanium or palladium and is divided into two parts, the cathode and the counter-electrode. Additionally, the capacitor must be connected to an electrical ground in order to dissipate any excess charge.

Working Principle

When the capacitor is connected to a voltage source, a current flows between the anode and the cathode, forming an electrical circuit. This current charges the capacitor, creating a potential difference between the anode and the cathode. The dielectric material then polarizes the anode, allowing it to store electrical charge. When the voltage source is removed from the circuit, the charge stored in the capacitor remains until it is dissipated by the adjacent electrical ground.

Applications

Tantalum capacitors are typically used in applications where a high capacitance and low leakage current are required. These include timing circuits, filter circuits, resonant circuits, energy storage circuits, and switching voltage supplies. They are also used as bypass capacitors, to reduce noise and to improve power quality.

Safety and Reliability

The M39003/09-2015/TR specification outlines safety and reliability requirements for tantalum capacitors. The capacitors must be tested in various environmental conditions in order to ensure their reliability and performance. Additionally, a periodic maintenance program should be implemented to inspect capacitors, measure the capacitance, and ensure that any voltage-induced biases remain with the design\'s limits. In conclusion, tantalum capacitors are versatile and reliable components used in many electronic circuits. They offer a range of capabilities, including a variety of form factors, which makes them suitable for a wide range of applications. Tantalum capacitors should be used and maintained in accordance with the M39003/09-2015/TR specification in order to ensure safety, reliability, and performance.

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