MC68HC000CEI16

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MC68HC000CEI16 Application Field and Working Principle

The MC68HC000CEI16 is a 16-bit microcontroller from Motorola\'s Hitachi/DNP family. It was originally designed for applications such as consumer appliances, consumer electronics, car radios, and most industrial applications. The MC68HC000CEI16 can be used for medium-to-high sophistication level device applications where performance is important.

Wiring and Power supply

The MC68HC000CEI16 is equipped with 16-bits of RAM and ROM memory. It also has a 16-bit ALU and 16-bit I/O (Input/Output) ports. The main systems wiring and power supply are typically arranged in a 16-bit bus structure. This bus structure allows for data and addresses to be transmitted over the bus in parallel.

The RAM can store either the data or instructions, while the ROM is used only to store instructions. The ROM is used to store program instructions which the processor can execute. The ROM contains the power on self-test (POST) program and the boot program. The boot program reads the program code from the ROM and stores it in RAM for the processor to execute.

CPU Timing and Control

The CPU of the MC68HC000CEI16 runs on an internal clock. The clock is generated by an on-board oscillator circuit. This oscillator circuit generates a reset pulse, which is used to initialize the internal CPU clock. The internal clock is then used to generate different signals like the control signal, address signal, and data signal. The control signal controls the flow of data to and from the CPU. The address signal indicates the address on the chip where the data will be written or read from. The data signal carries the data that is to be written or read.

Each instruction is specified by two or three clock periods. These instructions are decoded by the instruction decoder and then followed by the Control Unit. The Control Unit also controls the flow of data between different parts of the CPU.

Registers

The MC68HC000CEI16 has 16 sets of general purpose registers. These registers can store data, addresses and flags. The 16 registers are divided into four sets: eight 8-bit registers, four 16-bit registers, one 14-bit register and one 24-bit register. The 8-bit registers are used for 8-bit operations, while the 16-bit register and 24-bit register are used for 16-bit and 24-bit operations respectively.

The processor can also work with 64-bit words by combining two 32-bit words. The instruction set of MC68HC000CEI16 supports data manipulation of 64-bit words, as well as 32-bit, 16-bit and 8-bit parameters. These parameters can be operated through different instructions.

Memory Organization

The MC68HC000CEI16 has a total of four memory organizations. They are Code(C), Data(D), External RAM(E) and Internal RAM(ROM). The Code and Data memories are 16K bytes each. The Internal RAM bases at 0x00 and is 8K words in size and the External RAM bases at 0x100 and is also 8K words in size. The Code and Data memories are used for read-only operations.

The Internal RAM is used for storing the program code and data that can be accessed by the CPU. The External RAM is used for higher level external memory access and interfaces with external memory devices like EPROM\'s and EEPROM\'s. The External RAM has the ability to shadow the Internal RAM, allowing the access time of the Internal RAM to be reduced.

Interrupt Handling

The MC68HC000CEI16 supports interrupts triggered by various events like timer events, external hardware events and interrupt requests from the processor itself. The interrupt controller has a 8-bit vector address register and an Interrupt Enable/Mask register. When an interrupt is triggered, the interrupt controller generates an interrupt vector which is sent to the CPU. The CPU then detects the interrupt vector and jumps to a predefined interrupt service routine (ISR). The ISR is responsible for servicing the interrupt.

The interrupt controller also supports nested interrupts. This means that if an interrupt is triggered while another interrupt is being serviced, the interrupt controller will save the state of the interrupted interrupt and jump to the new interrupt. Once the new interrupt is serviced, the interrupt controller will go back to the interrupted interrupt and resume it.

Conclusion

The MC68HC000CEI16 is a 16-bit microcontroller designed for applications such as consumer appliances, consumer electronics, car radios and other industrial applications. It is equipped with 16-bits of RAM and ROM memory as well as a 16-bit ALU and 16-bit I/O ports. The main structure of the device consists of a 16-bit bus which is used to transmit data and addresses in parallel. The processor has support for interrupt processing and can operate with 64-bit words. This makes it a very useful device for medium-to-high complexity level applications.

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