NO.100

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Numerical control (NC) technology is a both a versatile and a complex concept in machines. It allows for machines to have the ability to produce pieces with precise, complex shapes, dictated by CAD/CAM computer files or physical drawings, in machining, fabrication or processing. It is used in nearly any manufacturing field including forging, robotics, printing, and cutting.

To understand what a NC machine is it is important to look at how a manual machine works. A manual machine is a machine-tool that uses physical manipulation to cut materials to a certain spec. It is operated physically by the machine operator who manually moves the machine to a different position with the help of manual tools while controlling its speed and the depth of the cut. The manual machine operator must be trained in specific details of the task to be performed as well as the safety rules and regulations.

In contrast to the manual machines, a NC machine is operated using a computer-controlled program, commonly known as CAM (computer-aided manufacturing). CAD (computer-aided design) and CAM programs operate the machine by controlling its speed, cutting depth, and the direction it travels. This allows for greater accuracy and repeatability of the finished product. Additionally, the complex shapes dictated by these programs can be achieved as long as the machine is capable of correctly maneuvering the tool-holding device.

The 100 application field and working principle of numerical control technology can be divided into two categories: machining and fabrication. In the machining category, a NC machine can be used to cut metal, plastic, or stone by moving the cutting tool in predetermined paths. This predetermined path is calculated in the CAM program based on a three-dimensional drawing. The cutting tool typically follows a spiral loop, resulting in the highest level of accuracy.

Fabrication is a more complex process that involves combining different materials to form a part. For example, a NC machine can be used to weld sheets of metal together to form a box or frame. Fabrication typically requires the machine to move in multiple directions simultaneously. For example, a NC machine could be used to bend and cut sheet metal to form a frame for a vehicle or a machine.

The 100 applications field and working principle of numerical control technology also include robotics. Robotics involves the automated movement of several machine tools and parts simultaneously. These movements are typically programmed and followed by a computer. The robot is programmed to carry out a particular series of motions, such as welding or cutting, to produce an end product. For example, a NC machine can be used to assemble a car body from various components.

In addition to these tasks, NC machines can be used for other processes such as cutting and forming. For example, NC machines are often used in die cutting operations, where they accurately cut rubber, plastic, paper, and cardboard to make items like tags and labels. Laser cutting and plasma cutting are also done with NC machines, where they can accurately cut through thick material like steel and aluminum quickly and accurately.

Overall, numerical control technology is an effective tool in modern manufacturing. It allows for the precise control of various processes, and has become indispensable in many industries. It has enabled manufacturers to reduce cost, increase accuracy, and speed up production process, while providing better quality products.

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