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Common Mode Chokes

Common mode chokes, or CMCs, are widely used electronic components. They are designed to reduce the level of unwanted signals, called common mode noise, that can occur in an electronic circuit. CMCs are usually applied in pairs, with one CMC on the input side of the circuit and the other on the output side. Some types of CMCs are linear or non-linear current transformers, often referred to as “baluns”. They come in various forms including surface mount, through-hole and axial leaded devices.

The key application of a common mode choke is to reduce the amount of common-mode electromagnetic interference (EMI) originating from an AC power line, which can emanate from equipment connected to the AC line. This type of EMI can cause errors and/or interfere with the performance of the equipment and can be difficult to suppress or eliminate. Common mode chokes can be used to reduce or eliminate this type of noise.

A common mode choke consists of many individual coils, which are typically wound on a ferrite core. Each coil creates a magnetic field, and together they form a very effective low pass filter. This filter is designed to allow the high-frequency common mode noise signals to pass through while blocking out lower frequency common mode noise signals.

The working principle of a common mode choke is based on mutual inductance. Mutual inductance is a phenomenon where the inductance of two coils linked together is greater than the sum of the inductances of the two separate coils. When a current flows through the coils, a magnetic field is created which results in an anti-phase current being present in the other coil. As a result, the voltage generated in each coil because of the current flow is canceled out. This results in a reduction in the level of common mode noise.

Common mode chokes can be used in a variety of applications, including audio and video equipment, radios, speakers, cellular phones, medical equipment, electrical instrumentation, automotive electronics, power supplies, computers, and consumer electronic products. They are also used to protect and control data signals within circuits such as Ethernet or USB connections. In addition, typical applications of common mode chokes include interference suppression, interference protection, data line protection, and snubber network design.

To sum up, common mode chokes offer an effective way to reduce the amount of undesirable common mode noise in an electronic circuit. The wide variety of applications, along with the simplicity and effectiveness of CMCs, make them an important component in the design of electronic systems.

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