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QBVW025A0B841Z DC DC Converters: Application Field and Working Principle

DC-DC converters are electronic devices used to convert electricity from DC (direct current) to AC (alternating current). It is most commonly used in power supplies, voltage regulators, AC/DC adapters, and transformer circuits. Depending on the application, the power source can range from tiny power lines in a board-level device to hundreds of volts from a wall outlet. The voltage change can also vary, from a few volts to hundreds of volts, depending on the application.

QBVW025A0B841Z Converter

QBVW025A0B841Z is a type of DC-DC converter manufactured by Active-Semi. It is a step-down converter that can achieve voltages from 0.9V up to 5V with an adjustable current limit ranging from 1A to 5A. It operates with an input voltage range from 3V to 36V. The converter combines a synchronous rectifying buck regulator, an adjustable linear regulator and an over-current protection circuit, making it a very efficient and reliable converter. The converter has a very low output ripple regulated voltage and high efficiency, which makes it suitable for use in high power applications.

Application Fields

Due to the high efficiency, reliability, and adjustable output voltage, QBVW025A0B841Z converter is suitable for use in an array of applications, particularly those that require high power consumption such as computers, industrial and medical systems, automotive systems, military equipment, communications systems, etc. It is also applicable in various battery-powered applications, where the limited energy capacity of the battery needs to be maximally conserved or the output voltages are frequently adjustable.

Working Principle

QBVW025A0B841Z converter employs synchronous rectifying buck regulator, which contains two main components: an inductor and a switching transistor. The switching transistor is known as the switch, and it is responsible for controlling the voltage in the loop. Whenever there is a higher voltage at the input side of the circuit, the switch is activated, allowing current to flow through the inductor and create a magnetic field. The current then flows through the output side of the circuit, reducing the voltage. When the lower voltage reaches the input side of the circuit, the switch is deactivated and the current stops flowing, allowing the magnetic field to collapse and the voltage to rise again.

When the output voltage needs to be adjustable, the linear regulator is employed, which contains two transistors: a DLFTN (distant field transistor) and an adjustable linear regulator. When the output voltage needs to be increased or reduced, the DLFTN is activated, allowing the current from the input side to be controlled, and thus the output voltage. The adjustable linear regulator is responsible for keeping the output voltage steady find trimming it to the desired value.

The QBVW025A0B841Z converter also includes an over-current protection circuit to prevent damaging power surges. This circuit activates a latch when the input current passes the upper limit set by the user. This latch prevents the switch from being activated until the current is back to normal values, protecting the converter from any damages due to possible current overloads.

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