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Temperature Sensors – RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) is a type of temperature detector used for measuring temperature in industrial applications. It is composed of a resistor whose electrical resistance varies with temperature. It is specifically used to measure temperature in the range of -200°C to +800°C.

The structure of RTD consists of a metal film resistor deposited on the surface of a ceramic substrate, usually made of platinum or nickel. The electrical resistance of the resistor changes according to the temperature. When the temperature is increased, the resistance increases gradually. Similarly, as the temperature drops, the resistance decreases. This change in resistance is referred to as resistance-temperature proportionality.

The working principle of RTD is based on the relationship between the temperature and the electrical resistance. The RTD measures the resistance of the resistor, which is proportional to the temperature. By measuring the electrical resistance, the temperature can be determined. In order to measure the resistance accurately, an instrument is required. A Wheatstone bridge circuitry is used to measure the resistance accurately.

RTD can be used in a wide range of applications, such as industrial process control systems, heating and cooling systems, biomedical instruments, automotive engines, and more. RTD is used to measure temperature in high-temperature environments, such as in nuclear power plants. It is also used to monitor the temperature in boilers, hot water heat exchangers, and ovens. It is also used in the automotive industry to measure the temperature of the engine.

The advantages of RTD include accuracy, stability, reliability, and repeatability. The accuracy of RTD is much higher than that of thermocouples. Also, the RTD is more stable than thermocouples and can be used over a wide temperature range. It is also more reliable and has better repeatability than thermocouples. Furthermore, the measurement accuracy of RTD is not affected by the external environment.

The disadvantages of RTD include its high cost and low temperature coefficient. RTDs are usually much more expensive than thermocouples. Also, the temperature coefficient of RTD is relatively low, which means that it measures lower temperatures with lower accuracy. Moreover, the RTD is prone to electrical interference, so it is not suitable for use in harsh environments.

In conclusion, RTD is a reliable and accurate temperature detector used for industrial applications. It is based on the relationship between the temperature and the electrical resistance. RTD has a number of benefits, including accuracy, stability, reliability, and repeatability. However, it is relatively costly and not suitable for use in harsh environments.

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