TL431BIPG4

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PMIC — Voltage Reference is accurately referring to a kind of regulator, named TL431BIPG4, as it is placed in this application field. It is also known as a three-terminal shunt voltage reference and is usually used as part of an adjustable output-voltage device, such as a regulator. Manufacturers made the device highly adjustable to accommodate voltage reference requirements in many different applications. Understanding the working principle of the device helps understand how the device is used in numerous applications.

The TL431BIPG4 regulator includes a three-pin package, similar to that of a transistor, with the center pin connected to an adjustable voltage reference within the device, and output pins connected to the external circuitry. It is the voltage reference that is the critical component for the operation of the device, controlling the current drawn from the output pins by a feedback loop. The voltage reference takes current directly through the centre pin and the output pins. The control function of the internal circuit is based on a two-transistor current sink which is used to regulate the output voltage of the device, thus regulating the current drawn from the pins.

The two-transistor current sink is the device’s feedback loop, functioning to regulate the output voltage. When the output voltage is higher than the voltage reference value, the feedback loop will increase the current sink, decreasing the output voltage. On the contrary, when the output voltage is lower than the voltage reference, the feedback loop will decrease the current sink, increasing the output voltage.

The TL431BIPG4 regulator also includes a zoning circuit which helps to provide stable output voltage in multiple load conditions. This zoning circuit is based on a pair of resistor dividers and a pair of MOSFET transistors. The MOSFET transistors further increase the current sink when the output voltage is too high, increasing the ability of the device to maintain a given output voltage. On the other hand, the resistor dividers minimize the amount of current sink when the output voltage is too low by bypassing the MOSFET transistors.

TL431BIPG4 is used in DC-DC converters and switch-mode power supplies, due to its excellent capacitive load transient response, low power dissipation and small packages. Of course, the regulation and control of the output voltage of the device can take place in several other applications, such as motor drivers, instrumentation and control systems, automotive applications, and computer systems.

Also worthy of note is the fact that the TL431BIPG4 device integrates an over-temperature protection circuit. It is essentially a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor which provides over-temperature protection by sinking excessive current from the output pins. This helps prevent damage from excessive current should the device be pushed beyond its is operating specifications.

In summary, the TL431BIPG4 is a voltage reference device that enables designers to regulate voltage output using a simple three-pin package. The feedback loop of the two-transistor current sink, combined with the zoning circuit, provides an excellent performance in maintaining an accurate output voltage in most applications. Due to the small size and low power dissipation of the device, it is a popular choice for use in many different applications where accuracy and reliability are key considerations.

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