TPS61040DRVTG4

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Introduction to PMIC - LED Drivers

A power management integrated circuit (PMIC) or LED driver is an integrated circuit that is designed to perform power management, power sequencing, and power sequencing for LED lighting applications. Such devices are typically in charge of driving single or multiple LEDs at a specified current level, in order to achieve desired brightness and performance. LED drivers can also be used to control the brightness and pulse with dimming capabilities.

TPS61040DRVTG4 Application Field and Working Principle

The Texas Instruments TPS61040DRVTG4 is a high-efficiency, synchronous boost-mode converter that combines constant-current and voltage control techniques. It is used in BoostLED applications, allowing current control while keeping a constant forward voltage drop. The device is particularly useful when powering low voltage, high brightness LEDs from a single cell or two cell Li-ion battery. It is capable of up to 99 % conversion efficiency in a very small package, making it ideal for portable devices.

In terms of working principles, the TPS61040DRVTG4 has a synchronous buck-boost topology that allows for constant current output and adjustable output voltage. It is designed with a logic compatible shutdown and dimming control interface. The dedicated power disable pin (SHDN) is used to control the power output of the LED driver, while the dimming control interface (EN) is used to change the output current level of the LED driver.

The TPS61040DRVTG4 also has an adjustable SoftStart/SoftStop capability that can provide smooth LED startups and shutdowns. This feature helps protect against inrushing current, reducing overshoot and extending LED lifetime at full power. Furthermore, the device is equipped with input overvoltage protection and open LED disconnect protection, which prevent LED connection failure and unnecessary LED drain current consumption when power is not supplied.

The TPS61040DRVTG4 is suitable for a wide range of applications, such as LED gaming, bus signs, and industrial signs and panels. It can also be used in automotive lighting, traffic lighting, backlighting and home lighting applications. In addition, the device can be used in safety lighting, automotive motor control, energy harvesting, and portable and wearable device applications.

The TPS61040DRVTG4 device is composed of a switching transistor, an error amplifier, an oscillator, a control circuit, a reference voltage source, a voltage regulation loop, and various protection circuits. Its switching transistor, coupled with an output diode, is used to produce a voltage higher than the input voltage and convert it into a regulated light intensity output. The error amplifier is used to compare the input supply voltage and the reference voltage, and sends the corresponding i/p signal to the control circuit, allowing it to adjust the operating frequency and switching current accordingly.

The oscillator is used to generate an AC voltage that drives the switching transistor, allowing the LED load to be connected to the output. The control circuit is responsible for generating the necessary pulse width modulation (PWM) signal for dimming, or providing an on/off control signal to turn off and on the LED load. The reference voltage source is used to produce a constant reference voltage, while the voltage regulation loop is used to maintain a stable voltage output.

The protection circuits offered by the TPS61040DRVTG4 provide overload, undervoltage lockout, overvoltage, and overtemperature protection. The device also includes an ESD protection circuit to protect it against static discharge, while a slew rate control circuit is included to limit the switching current rise and fall time, thus avoiding voltage spikes.

In conclusion, the TPS61040DRVTG4 is an efficient and compact power management integrated circuit (PMIC) for LED lighting applications. Its synchronous boost-mode converter allows for constant current output and adjustable output voltage, providing power to low voltage, high brightness LEDs from a single cell or two cell Li-ion battery. Moreover, it is capable of up to 99 % conversion efficiency and offers various protection circuits, such as overload, undervoltage lockout, overvoltage, and overtemperature. The device is suitable for a wide range of lighting applications, from gaming, to automotive lighting, and safety lighting.

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