TPSC226K010R0300

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Tantalum capacitors are the third class of general-purpose capacitors, and a type of electrolytic capacitor. They are made with a granular form of the element tantalum or manganese-dioxide as a dielectric, and a metallic or conductive polymer as the electrodes. As with all capacitors, their main purpose is to store and release electrical energy to provide power to alternating current or DC circuits. Unlike a regular capacitor, which uses two metallic plates, the capacitance of a tantalum capacitor is based on the area of the dielectric between the two electrodes.

Application Field

Tantalum capacitors are often used in high voltage and high frequency applications, such as modern portable digital electronics and telecommunication systems. These systems typically require very low power, reduced size, high reliability, and excellent electrical performance, all of which can be delivered by tantalum capacitors. These capacitors are also used in applications such as ambulatory monitoring, neuromuscular stimulation devices, medical instrumentation, power supplies, DC-DC converters, ADSL modems, microprocessors and memory, motor drivers and controllers, laptop computers, and wireless communications.

Working Principle

Tantalum capacitors work in the same way as most other capacitors, with two charged plates forming a basic electricity storage element. The charge exchange, energy storage and voltage-to-current conversion between these two plates are important components of an electrical circuit. In the case of a tantalum capacitor, the dielectric material is a semiconductor and the rate at which the charge passes between the two plates is determined by the material’s dielectric constant. The lower the dielectric constant, the faster the charge passes through the capacitors.

The most important performance parameter of a tantalum capacitor is the plate capacitor, which indicates the difference between the capacitance with voltage applied and capacitance with no voltage applied. This value is expressed in pico-farad (pF) and represents the minimum aspect ratio of the capacitor height to its thickness. This parameter is used to estimate the maximum possible current the capacitor can handle.

The input capacitance of a tantalum capacitor is determined by several parameters, including working voltage, dielectric material, plate size, and product type. The working voltage is the maximum specified operating voltage defined by the manufacturer, while the dielectric material used defines the input capacitance of the part. The plate size determines the amount of energy stored in the capacitor, while the product type defines the pressure rating and quality of materials used.

The working voltage of a capacitor also affects its capacitance, as the higher the working voltage, the lower the capacitance. This is because the higher voltage means that a more dielectric material can be used by the manufacturer, increasing the thickness of the plate. This in turn increases the plate capacitance, resulting in a higher capacitance overall.

Finally, the capacitance of a tantalum capacitor is influenced by the ambient temperature of the system in which the part is installed. As temperature increases, the capacitance of the part decreases, as the dielectric material used in the capacitor becomes less effective at preventing charge leakage. In order to compensate for this, manufacturers increase the operating voltage of the capacitor to compensate for the decrease in capacitance.

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