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Crystals

Crystals are widely used in different fields of application in electronics, such as oscillators, transceivers and other components for transmitting signals. A particularly important type of crystal is the TS540T23CET, which has become a standard in many communication and broadcasting applications.

Application Field

The TS540T23CET is a quartz crystal primarily used in radio frequency (RF) circuits. Such crystals can be used to build oscillators, superheterodyne radio receivers and transmitters. The crystal also can be used in frequency synthesizers, digital circuits and clocks, where it serves as the reference frequency source. Additionally, the TS540T23CET is used with high-speed logic circuits such as processors and FPGAs, where it generates the clock signal necessary for their operation.

Working Principle

The TS540T23CET crystal is based on the piezoelectric effect of quartz. Quartz crystals are natural minerals that vibrate under the application of electrical energy. These materials have a peculiar ability to vibrate at a constant frequency when a voltage is applied across them in an electrical circuit. The frequency at which the crystal resonates is determined by its physical dimensions, including the thickness, length and width of the quartz.

The TS540T23CET is designed with an internal parallel tuning fork structure. This resonator has one fork tip connected to the electrodes, while the other open end is connected to ground. When an electrical signal is applied to the resonator, it responds with an alternating magnetic field that causes the quartz to vibrate. This vibration generates a harmonic sine wave at the frequency determined by the fork geometry.

For typical commercial applications, the frequency of the TS540T23CET crystal is usually between 3 and 30MHz, with a tolerance of up to +/–20ppm. The ESR (equivalent series resistance) of the crystal is typically very low, and the drive level required for the crystal oscillator is small enough for standard TTL logic circuits.

Conclusion

The TS540T23CET crystal is a widely used component in many communications and broadcasting applications. It is based on the piezoelectric effect of quartz, which is exploited to make the crystal vibrate at a precise frequency. The TS540T23CET is especially useful for RF circuits, frequency synthesizers, digital circuits and clocks. The frequency is typically between 3 and 30MHz, while the ESR and drive levels are small enough to handle normal TTL logic circuits.

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