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TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor) - Varistor, MOV components are highly useful and reliable device used to protect any small to medium electrical and electronic devices from current and voltage over-surges. These components are close cousins to the popular “Surge protectors”, while the latter is meant mainly for indoor use, the former is designed to be used in the outdoors where it is exposed to more powerful surge risks, and whenever those components are designed to be more efficient they are the only choice. In this article, we will discuss the application field of the devices and its working principle.

The applications of TVS- Varistors, MOVs are numerous, they are mostly used as an essential component in the protection and control of electronics devices. Start from the very basic use, providing overload and over-voltage/voltage surge protection in consumer electronics. To industrial use of preventing excessive current and voltages in secondary power grids, critical electronic systems, and even military equipment where exposure to high electromagnetic pulses are of serious concern.

The working principle of the components is a simple one, whenever a then a voltage spike or over-current surge is detected, the active component within the device will short circuit and absorb the excess energy, thus protecting the target device from getting damaged. They normally have a rated voltage level that the device is able to handle, once the voltage exceeds the rated value the active component within the device will be triggered and short out and form an interesting bridge which diverts the electricity to ground. This “bridge” also serves as a capacitor and noticeably reduces the peak voltage of the pulse.

To provide higher levels of protection some devices also use gas or oil filled elements. Some components also use multiple steps of devices combined with each other for even greater protection against intermittent voltage spikes. Such devices are usually part of an overall safety circuit, which means it has other components working together, like a fuses, gas limiter, etc, to provide extra layers of protection.

In conclusion, TVS- Varistor, MOV components are very reliable and extremely important elements for protection of electronics devices. They have a broad range of applications and work on a simple principle. Their importance is often understated because the key performance points of these devices are rarely tested or measured. No matter the magnitude of the protection needed or the kind of environment the device is being used, these components are a must have for a proper and safe functioning of any electronic system.

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