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TVS – Diodes are a type of device which is used in the field of Electronic Circuit Protection. These devices are designed to protect electronic circuits from various over-voltage, over-current, and surge conditions. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from simple voltage clamping devices to complex surge protective components. The most common types of TVS – Diodes are Zener Diodes, Transient Voltage Suppressors (TVS), and Transil Diodes. Each of these devices has a different application field as well as a different working principle.

Zener diodes are used in a wide variety of applications such as voltage regulators, voltage clamps, over-voltage protection, noise suppression, and transient suppression. They are designed to clamp a voltage that is below their breakdown voltage and thus prevent overvoltage damage to the circuit. The operation of a Zener diode is based on the avalanche breakdown effect, which occurs when a reverse-biased diode reaches a certain electrical field strength, which results in the sudden avalanche of electrons across the junction. This negative resistance drops the voltage across the diode and prevents the voltage from rising further.

Transient Voltage Suppressors (TVS) are designed to protect circuits from over-voltage conditions. These devices are designed to clamp the voltage at a certain level above the breakdown voltage of the device, so as to protect the circuit from over-voltage damage. Unlike Zener diodes, TVS devices are designed to only shunt current during an over-voltage condition, and are not used to regulate or clamp voltage when there is no over-voltage condition.

Transil diodes are also used in a variety of applications, such as over-voltage protection, load disconnection, and lightning protection. Unlike Zener and TVS devices, these devices are designed to handle high surge currents, and not just voltage protection. They are also quite fast, as they can respond to a voltage surge within microseconds. The working principle of a Transil diode is based on the absorption of reverse-voltage transients through a capacitive effect between two Silicon plates.

In conclusion, TVS – Diodes are a versatile group of devices designed to protect circuits from over-voltage and transient voltage conditions. Each type of TVS – Diode device has its own application field and working principle, and is designed to provide various levels of over-voltage protection. By utilizing different types of TVS – Diodes, Electronic Circuit Designers can ensure that their circuits are adequately protected from over-voltage and other transient events.

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