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Terminal blocks (also known as terminal boards and boards) are versatile interconnect components designed to connect two or more electrical or electronic circuits. They consist of a base with several connectors designed for simple and secure installation. As its name implies, a terminal block provides a connection point for wires and other components that provide electrical power to the connected items. The connection point is usually preceded by the mounting of a screw-type or pin-type terminal. After the connections are made, they are secured with either a cordless screwdriver or an internal clamping device. Terminal blocks have been around since 1939 and there are many different types available.

The basic categories of terminal blocks include headers, plugs and sockets. The primary purpose of using terminal blocks in this way is to facilitate the connection of multiple circuits for testing, installation, maintenance and debugging. They are also used in circuit design, especially for higher power rated applications.

Headers are used to provide interconnects between two or more circuit paths. They typically consist of a board, connector and upper and lower terminal assemblies. Headers provide mechanical, electrical and environmental protection and are easy to install and maintain. They are commonly used in applications where the required circuit connections are not available from the same electrical component.

Plugs are used for interconnecting between two or more circuit points. They are usually used in applications where a direct connection is needed to connect an AC line to an AC line. Plugs can provide a variety of power ratings and can provide both AC and DC current. They come in a variety of designs including printed circuit board (PCB) style, inline style, panel mount style and pin-type style.

Sockets are used to provide an instant connection through the use of plugs and are typically used in applications where an AC line connection needs to be made quickly and easily. They come in a variety of designs including PCB style, inline style, panel mount style and pin-type style. They are usually used for applications involving high power and can provide AC current up to 30A with a 2.5mm² wire size.

Each type of terminal block has its own set of advantages and drawbacks. The use of header and socket terminals can speed up the connection and installation process, while plug-in terminals provide more secure electrical connections. The use of plugs and sockets is useful for connecting a power supply to a device, as they can provide both AC and DC current. An important consideration when selecting a terminal block is the operating temperature range; some terminal blocks have a maximum temperature of 125ºC.

In general, terminal blocks are a reliable and cost-effective way to connect two or more circuits quickly and securely. With the wide variety available, they are suitable for medium to high power applications in many different industries, including automotive, industrial, aerospace, medical, instrumentation and communications. Terminal blocks can be used for both analog and digital circuits, providing a dependable connection and power source.

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