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Pressure sensors and transducers are instruments used to measure, track and control pressure. They are capable of transforming a physical input (pressure) into an electrical output (a signal) which can be monitored and controlled. The range of pressure sensors and transducers available today are highly diverse, with various types of sensors used in different industries for different applications.

Generally, pressure sensors and transducers consist of two main components: a sensing element and a signal conditioning electronics. The sensing element transforms the physical pressure into a signal, which is then sent to the signal conditioning electronics, where it is further processed, amplified and/or modulated. The best approach to choose the most suitable pressure sensor or transducer is to match the required application parameters.

Usually, pressure sensors and transducers can be classified according to their primary function or working principle. Depending on the application, some pressure sensors and transducers are capable of measuring accurately and in detail various types of pressure and related conditions such as temperature and humidity. Most commonly, the pressure sensors and transducers are divided into various categories such as differential pressure, absolute pressure, gauge pressure, barometric pressure and hydrostatic pressure.

Differential pressure sensors, which measure the difference in pressure between two points, are often used to measure venturi flow and liquid circulation as well as to detect leaks in pipes and ducts. They can also be used to measure the air flow of compressors and blowers. Differential pressure sensors can be further divided into sub-categories such as localized differential pressure or differential line pressure.

Absolute pressure sensors measure the atmospheric pressure and are also referred to as barometric sensors. They are generally used to measure the pressure of the atmosphere at any given location, which can be useful for weather forecasting and predicting changes in air pressure. Gauge pressure sensors measure the pressure differential with respect to a reference point, most commonly atmospheric pressure. These sensors are most often used in automotive, HVAC and process control applications.

Barometric pressure sensors measure the pressure with respect to default sea level. These sensors are used for a wide variety of applications including aviation and weather forecasting where precise measurements of atmospheric pressure over a wide range are needed. Hydrostatic pressure sensors measure the liquid pressure of fluids and are used in automated liquid measurement systems for tank level and water height monitoring.

Modern pressure sensors and transducers come in various form factors and configurations with a wide range of features. Different sensing elements are available for different applications, including pressure ranges, accuracy and temperature ratings. Signal conditioning electronics may include various features such as adjustable gain settings and programmable ranges. Pressure sensors and transducers have an extensive range of applications, from biomedical to automotive and other industrial operations.

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