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RFI and EMI - Shielding and Absorbing Materials

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) are two different types of interference occurring between two or more electrical systems. RFI is a type of interference caused by electromagnetic radiation generated from a source which possesses energy with both a frequency and an amplitude that changes over time. On the other hand, EMI is a type of interference caused by disturbances generated from a source which possesses energy with a fixed frequency and fixed amplitude. Both of these types of interference can disrupt the operation of sensitive electrical devices and create noise in audio systems. For this reason, shielding and absorbing materials are important components in electronic devices, radio equipment, and other types of electrical systems where interference may be present.

Shielding materials work by forming a barrier between the source of interference and the device or system that is being protected. The materials used for this purpose must be able to block the passage of both electrical and magnetic fields. Common materials used for shielding include metal alloys, ferrites, conductive fabrics, and carbon fiber. Metal alloys such as copper and aluminum have been used for many years in the forms of wires and sheets for shielding since they are good conductors of electricity and have high conductivity. Ferrites are magnetic compounds typically composed of iron, nickel, and manganese which are used as “ferrite cores” for blocking RF/EMI signals. Conductive fabrics are made by weaving metal alloys such as copper, stainless steel, or aluminum into fabrics, while carbon fiber shielding is used to block both electrical and radio interference.

Absorbing materials are used to reduce the intensity of the interference energy by dissipating it in the form of heat. These materials are typically made of conductive polymers and are highly effective at absorbing both radio and electric fields. Absorbing materials include foam rubber, foamed plastic, and silicone rubber compounds. Foam rubber is a type of open-cell foam that absorbs sound waves and radio waves. It is often used in speakers and other audio equipment to reduce the level of sound or radio waves entering the device. Foam plastic is a type of closed-cell foam material that absorbs both electric and radio waves. It is commonly used in electronic and radio equipment as a protective barrier against interference. Lastly, silicone rubber compounds are materials that absorb radio and electric waves while being capable of withstanding extreme temperatures.

In conclusion, shielding and absorbing materials are important components in any electrical system or device where interference is present. Shielding materials work by forming a barrier between the source of interference and the device, while absorbing materials reduce the intensity of the interference energy by dissipating it in the form of heat. Both of these materials are essential for ensuring the proper operation of sensitive electrical components, reducing noise in audio systems, and protecting radio and electronic equipment from interference.

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