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A phase-locked loop (PLL) is one of the most commonly used electronic circuits for automatically sensing and maintaining a steady frequency of oscillation. The phase-locked loop is used in a wide array of applications, including clock/timing in communications devices, clock synchronization in digital systems, frequency synthesis in television and radio receivers, and phase-locked loop energy conservation systems. PLLs are also used in automotive fuel systems and motor control devices.

The term phase-locked loop (PLL) describes any system that is designed to automatically maintain a fixed frequency of oscillation. The frequency of the oscillation typically depends on a reference signal, derived from an external or internal source. The phase-locked loop senses and maintains a steady frequency of as long as the reference signal does not change or drift.

The most common application for PLLs is in the domain of clock and timing technologies. In this case, a reference signal of a given frequency is used to drive the PLL so that it outputs a signal of the desired frequency. The PLL can be used to produce either a single frequency or a range of frequencies.

For example, the PLL can be used to generate signals used in applications such as digital communications, computer clocks, and network infrastructure devices. In each application, the PLL must accurately lock onto the reference frequency and produce an output that will remain close in frequency and phase to the reference frequency.

A more advanced application of the PLL is frequency synthesis, which includes applications such as radio receivers, TV receivers, frequency synthesizers, and spread-spectrum applications. In these applications, the PLL must not only accurately detect the reference frequency, but also accurately reproduce a wide range of frequencies centered about the reference frequency.

In other applications, the PLL is used for energy-saving purposes. In this type of application, the PLL tracks the frequency of the electric supply, and adjusts the output frequency accordingly. This type of PLL is beneficial because it helps reduce the total amount of energy consumed when operating electrical devices.

Another common application of the PLL is for motor control. Motor controllers such as servos and brushless DC motors rely on a PLL to maintain a constant speed and direction. The PLL must track the reference frequency and maintain a steady output frequency that is close enough to the reference frequency that the motor can accurately control its speed and direction.

The PLL is an essential component in many timing and clock generator applications. Its ability to accurately detect and maintain a steady frequency is essential for maintaining accurate timing and steady operation in a variety of applications. PLLs are used in a wide range of applications and industries, making them a critical component of the electronics industry.

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