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Light-emitting Diode (LED) lighting technology has advanced from simple on/off light bulbs to advanced components. These components come in the form of COBs, engines, and modules. Each type of component plays an integral role in the overall working principle and application field of LED lighting.

Chip-on-Board (COBs): With LED, a COB is a collection of LED chips packaged together on a board, and works as one light source. It has many advantages, as it looks attractive, dissipates heat more effectively, reduces the number of components, and decreases cost of manufacture. Some applications of COB involve downlighting applications, area lighting, and sign lighting, as well as a variety of automotive lighting applications.

Engines: An LED engine is a module consisting of a driver and a light source, usually a COB. An LED engine will often come in an enclosed assembly with an optical lens, so that with a simple wiring connection it can be setup for lighting applications. It will often be customized for the desired wattage and lighting output. The benefit of an LED engine is that all the components necessary for the entire system are found in one unit, ready to go.

Modules: LED modules are a cost effective way to introduce LED lighting into an application. A module is a small self-contained component that will usually contain a driver, a COB, and an optical lens. Depending on the intended application, a module may need some additional components and customization. Very often, a module will be used where there is a need for directional lighting, such as spotlight or task lighting. LED modules come in a variety of wattages, so they can typically be used to replace traditional lighting technologies.

The practical application of LED lighting is wide, from indoor lighting to street lighting, and from automotive to marine. Its working principle is not complicated. Roughly speaking, when current is applied to the diode, electrons combine with electron holes within the device and release energy in the form of photons – or light. In the LED lighting industry, the efficiency of LED lighting depends on the combination of the LED itself, the power supply and the driver. The LED itself is the most efficient component, accounting for about 90% of the efficiency of LED lighting. The power supply and driver are not as efficient as the LED, but still have an impact on the overall efficiency of the system.

Innovation and design of LED lighting components continues to progress, giving engineers and designers increased scope for creative applications. This is reflected in the ever-growing number of components being made available on theled-lightingmarket. With a greater variety of components, there is a greater chance of achieving the desired effect or solution, making LED lighting much more accessible, even to those with limited technical knowledge.

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