28483-1

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28483 is a numerical designation awarded to the Ground source heat pump system (GSHP) family in the field of HVAC for heating and cooling. It is defined and regulated by the Underwriters Laboratories standard UL 1928 and CSA C22.2 No. 159-M1987 which specifies requirements for GSHP system installations. It is essential that effective and efficient GSHPs are used for cooling and heating of residential and commercial applications.

A Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) system is an energy efficient and sustainable technology which extracts energy from the ground through the use of a ground loop system. It is a form of air conditioning that uses the principles of energy exchange to extract heat energy from the ground and use it to heat or cool a building. It is basically an air-conditioning system that uses energy stored in the ground or water to provide an indoor air temperature that is comfortable for the occupants. This energy can also be used to heat domestic hot water or swimming pools.

GSHPs are designed to use the naturally occurring energy stored in the soil, rock and water to heat and cool air for a building. The energy is extracted through a ground loop system, which is a network of pipes laid underground to interact with the earth. These pipes are filled with a liquid, usually water or antifreeze solution, which circulates through the system to transfer the heat and cool energy from the ground to the GSHP.

The working principle of the GSHP is based on the refrigeration cycle, whereby hot and cold air passes through pipes between the indoor and outdoor unit. The outdoors unit is securely fixed to the wall or in soil, allowing for optimised heat exchange with the ground. The indoor unit is commonly placed near the ceiling of a living or work area, or in a wall where the fan will blow the air into the space.

The indoor unit draws in the warm or cool air while the outdoor unit absorbs or pumps the energy from the ground. The refrigerant fluid passes through the compressor, evaporator and condenser coils. This cycle continues constantly as coolant is extracted from the ground and heated or cooled depending on the season or operation mode. Once the air has been cooled or heated it is distributed throughout the space by a fan.

In heating mode, the heat pump system extracts heat energy from the outside ground and transfers it into the premises. This heat energy is converted to warm air, which then circulates through the house or building to ensure a comfortable temperature indoors. During cooling mode, the air conditioning refrigerant absorbs heat from the indoor air and transfers it outside, cooling the air indoors.

The working principle of GSHPs means they can often be more efficient in providing heating and cooling compared to traditional economy systems such as boilers or air conditioning. Their use can also be beneficial in reducing the load on the electrical grid from peak demand times such as summer. The GSHP is a flexible system that can work with renewable energy sources such as solar and offer low temperature heating and hot water.

The use of GSHPs is gaining popularity, particularly incommercial applications such as factories, offices or large buildings. GSHPs are typically more energy efficient and cost-effective than other forms of air conditioning when used in large spaces, due to their ability to extract energy from the ground over a longer period of time. This also makes them ideal for long-term investment as they require minimal maintenance and can be expected to last for quite some time.

In summary, GSHPs are energy efficient, low maintenance technologies that are widely used in commercial and residential applications to provide heating and cooling. They are designed to use the natural energy stored in the ground and can work with renewable energy sources. They are a cost-effective and sustainable technology which can reduce the load on the electrical grid from peak demand times and offer low temperature heating and hot water.

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