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A TVS or transient voltage suppressor is an electrical device primarily used to protect other components, such as sensitive integrated circuits, from high voltage and over current transients. They are usually based on Zener or silicon avalanche breakdown diodes, or a combination of both. Varistors, and MOVs (Metal Oxide Varistors) are two of many types of transient voltage suppressors (TVS).

Varistors are voltage-dependent, non-linear, resistor devices used to protect circuits from transients. They contain two metal plates or discs, made of zinc oxide or manganese oxide with a ceramic core and other additives. These plates are separated by a non-conductive gap and a dielectric component. When the component is exposed to higher than expected voltage, the breakdown of the material causes the gap to collapse, which decreases the resistance, thereby limiting the voltage.

MOVs, or metal oxide varistors, are multilayered, disc shaped, solid-state discrete devices. They use zinc oxide as their inner component, and are covered by a metal oxide layer. This layer protects the device from moisture and dirt. The molecules within the oxide exhibit very low electrical resistance when exposed to relatively low voltages, but when exposed to high voltages, the molecules become polarized and their resistance increases significantly, effectively limiting the voltage.

These components are designed to quickly act when the voltage supply exceeds the rated limits, regulating and managing the overvoltage in the power system. Some of the specific applications where these components are used include computers, medical devices, communications equipment, and home appliance systems. These components can also be used in combination with circuit breakers, fuses, and other protective elements to provide protection against high voltage transients. They can also be used in series to create multi-station solution where the protection levels can dynamically adjust to specific applications.

The working principle of a varistor or MOV is quite simple. It acts as a low resistance path when the voltage across it increases beyond a specific level. When the specified overvoltage threshold is reached, the varistor opposes to the flow of current, and effectively acts as an insulation barrier between the input voltage and other components. When the input falls to normal levels, the negative resistance disappears, and the resistance of the device becomes zero, allowing for undisturbed flow of current.

In summary, Varistors and MOVs are two of many types of transient voltage suppressors (TVS). They are designed to quickly act when the voltage supply exceeds the rated limits, regulating and managing the overvoltage in the power system. Make sure you work with reliable suppliers who can provide devices with proper testing, quality assurance, and product guarantees to ensure the components are installed and operating correctly.

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