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Gas discharge tube arresters (GDTs) are protective devices used in AC power systems to provide electrical protection against lightning and other transient voltages to equipment and facilities. GDTs are typically constructed of metal oxide varistors (MOVs) surrounded by a ceramic enclosure. The insulation gap between the MOVs and the enclosure provides the electrical isolation necessary for the arrester to function. The MOVs on the inside act as a short-circuit when a high voltage is applied to them. This short-circuit helps to stop the flow of current and limits the amount of power that can be transmitted through the system.

GDTs are designed to provide protection against a range of overvoltages. The range is typically determined by the MOVs used in the GDT and can include lightning, switching, over-voltage transients and other high-frequency disturbances. The GDTs also provide a high impedance path over a wide frequency range, which helps to prevent fast-moving transients from entering the system. Furthermore, GDTs provide protection from short-circuit currents due to their high-impedance path.

Most GDTs are designed to be mounted on a board for use in typical house or industrial electrical systems. They come in many different sizes and shapes depending on the application. Some GDTs are designed for outdoor use and can be mounted on a pole or other structure to protect the equipment from lightning and other types of transient voltages. Others are designed for indoor applications such as server rooms.

GDTs generally have two terminal pins that are connected to the MOVs contained in the GDT. The pins provide the connection to the DC power source required to energize the device. When a high voltage is applied to the pins, the MOVs inside the GDT become conductive and pass a high current, typically resulting in the destruction of the device.

The working principle of GDTs is based on the discharge of energy stored in the MOVs when exposed to a high voltage. This discharge of energy acts as a protective mechanism for the GDT by providing a short-circuit to limit the amount of power that can pass through it. The MOVs also act as a high-impedance path that limits the frequency range of signals that can pass through the GDT. The combination of these two functions provides the electrical protection for the system.

GDTs are used in a variety of applications and industries. They are often used to protect sensitive equipment from the damaging effects of lightning and other transient voltages. They are also used to protect power transmission and distribution systems from excessive currents due to lightning strikes and short circuits. Furthermore, GDTs are used to protect electronic equipment in consumer and industrial applications, as well as telecommunications equipment.

In conclusion, GDTs are protective devices designed to provide electrical protection from lightning and other transient voltages. GDTs use metal oxide varistors (MOVs) inside a ceramic enclosure to limit the amount of power that can pass through the device. The MOVs inside the GDT create an impedance path to limit the frequency range of signals that can pass through the GDT. GDTs are used in a variety of applications and industries and are important components of any electrical system.

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