382811-8

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382811-8 Jumpers and Shunts: Applications and working principles

Jumpers and shunts are commonly used electrical components, both of which are designed to provide a capacitor-like response to an electrical circuit in order to modify the way the circuit behaves. While these components are similar in some ways, they also have distinct differences that allow them to be applied to different applications. This article will provide an overview of their application fields and explain the working principles behind their design.

Jumpers

Jumpers are electrical components designed to provide a short-circuit between two electrical points, usually for the purpose of connecting parts of a circuit that would otherwise require an external conductor. Jumpers are not intended to provide any electrical resistance or capacitance, but rather are designed to bypass existing electrical components in order to still complete a circuit – for example, bypassing a capacitor in order to minimize capacitive effects on the circuit\'s total impedance.

Jumpers can be made from wires, specially designed printed circuit boards (PCBs), or custom-sized strips, and are usually rated to match the power they must handle. Typical applications for jumpers include bypassing resistors or capacitors in order to adjust the total impedance of a circuit, shorting two points in a circuit to reduce power consumption, and connecting multiple isolated grounds in an electrical system.

Shunts

Shunts are electrical components designed to provide a path of low resistance between two electrical points in order to divert electrical current away from other parts of the circuit. Shunts are typically built to have a low resistance combined with a high impedance - so even while providing low resistance, they still should not affect other parts of the circuit. Common examples of shunts include a metal strip, a wire loop, or a resistor.

The use of shunts is mainly limited to measuring current flow in a circuit, and sometimes diverting some of that current away from a sensitive component. This is done by connecting the shunt in between the two points, usually on the positive side of the circuit. Current running through the shunt is then proportional to the potential difference between the two points, allowing for accurate measurement of the current without affecting the entire circuit. Typical applications for shunts include measuring the current draw of devices such as motors, and diverting a portion of an exceptionally high current from one part of the circuit to another.

Working Principle

The working principle of both jumpers and shunts is the same, in that they are designed to provide a resistor-like response to an electrical circuit. In either type of component, the resistance is designed to be much lower than the existing components in the circuit, allowing some current to pass while the rest of the circuit is unaffected. For jumpers, this works by providing a single point of conduction between two electrical points, allowing for a large current flow between them and bypassing the existing resistance.

For shunts, this works by providing a low-resistance path between two different electrical points, diverting some of the current away from the main flow and thus measuring it. This allows for accurate current measurement without having to add additional components or resistance to the circuit.

Conclusion

Jumpers and shunts are commonly used electrical components, both of which are designed to modify an electrical circuit in some way. Jumpers provide short-circuits between two points, while shunts provide low-resistance paths between two points. The working principle of both components is to provide a resistor-like response to the circuit, allowing some electrical current to pass while the rest is unaffected.

Jumpers and shunts are useful components that can be applied to a number of different applications, and understanding their working principles can help make the most out of their potential usefulness. With the right application, these components can prove to be incredibly helpful in measuring current while still allowing a circuit to function as normal.

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