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RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) transponders and tags are electronic instruments that offer an efficient way to track and monitor inventory, identify objects, and manage a large group of assets without them having to be present. They also have the ability to store information data like item serial numbers and barcodes in a secure and unique manner.

The RFID Transponders and Tags are integrated with microchips that transport radio signals from one location to another. The microchip is kept on the surface of the tag or transponder while the antenna is embedded into the object containing the microchip. When an inventory item or asset is identified using an RFID transponder or tag, the antenna receives the radio waves and sends back a response to the RFID readers allowing it to identify the item or asset.

A complete RFID system consists of a transponder or tag, antenna, and receiver/reader. RFIDs are usually used in industrial, commercial, and military settings due to their ability to identify large numbers of objects quickly and efficiently. Additionally, RFID devices can store a large amount of information, allowing them to replace traditional barcode scanners which can only store limited data.

The major application fields of RFID transponders and tags are in inventory tracking and management, asset tracking, asset safety, and security systems.RFID transponders and tags can be used to accurately track, monitor, and inventory large quantities of products. It can drastically reduce the time and effort required to locate and track items. Asset tracking enables companies to accurately manage and monitor their assets and inventory in real time. RFID tags can be used to monitor the location and movement of assets to detect any anomalies or unauthorized access. Additionally, RFID tags can be used in asset safety and security systems. RFID tags can detect when an asset is moved, and send a notification to a security system. This can help companies to secure and protect their assets.

In terms of working principles, RFID transponders and tags use frequency modulation for communication. The working principle of these devices involves three basic steps: interrogation, response, and communication. When an RFID tag passes through an RFID reader, it will emit an electronic signal that will prompt the antenna to transmit its data in an encoded form. The RFID reader decodes the data and send to the reader’s internal processor and stores it. Once the processor identifies the data, it will send instructions to the RFID tag to respond to the reader’s request and the RFID tag will then respond with its data.

In conclusion, RFID transponders and tags are powerful tools to manage inventory and assets quickly and efficiently. They offer numerous advantages over traditional barcode systems such as the ability to store large amounts of data and the ability to respond almost instantly to a request. RFID transponders and tags use frequency modulation for communication and the process involves three basic steps -- interrogation, response, and communication.