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D-sub connectors are a type of electrical connector they are named for the D-shape their shells have. The connectors are usually available in two variants namely, male connectors and female connectors. These are further divided into two groups based on the type of shell they come with; a straight backshell or a 90° straight backshell. The D-shaped shells that come with the connectors help in shielding against EMI.

The D-sub connectors consist of three components; a hood, a backshell and a housing. The hood is the component that is placed over the backshell and houses the electrical contacts. The backshell secures the connector to the mating surface. The housing holds the electrical contacts in place when the connector is mated. It can also act as a strain relief for the wires that connect the connector to the mating surface.

D-sub connectors come in various sizes and shapes. The two most popular types are 9-pin and 25-pin. The size of the pins depends on the application they are used in. The 9-pin connectors are typically used for low-speed applications such as computer peripherals while the 25-pin connectors are used for higher-speed applications such as computers. The pins may also come in different counts to meet specific requirements.

The working principle of D-sub connectors is quite simple. The terminals on the connectors are designed to fit into their respective slots on the mating surface. This creates a secure connection and prevents any cross-talk or interference. The pins and sockets on the mating surface along with the insulators help to protect the contacts from dust and moisture. The contacts are also polarity protected which ensures that the correct polarity is maintained while the connector is in use.

D-sub connectors are mainly used in the automotive, aerospace, and medical industries. They provide a secure and reliable connection that is resistant to shock, vibration, and extreme temperatures. They are also used in industrial, audio, and video applications. The versatility of D-sub connectors makes them ideal for a wide range of applications.

In conclusion, D-subs offer an ideal solution for electrical connection needs due to their strong and secure construction, multiple sizes and types, and reliable, long-lasting performance. They are widely used in applications such as data communication, auto, aerospace, medical, and industrial. And their simple working principle ensures that they provide the necessary connection.