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Snap Action, Limit Switches

Snap action, limit switches or simply limit switches, are mechanical devices that can reliably change their position when a certain limitation is reached. The switch is used to terminate or start the operation of a device or circuit when a certain predefined level or limit is achieved. Limiting limits or thresholds can be physical, e.g. a physical stop, or electrical, e.g. a voltage level or current. It works by being triggered by a physical object, e.g. a button, or by a specified physical limit. In certain applications, the activate conditions for a limit switch can be defined in the form of a control setpoint.

Applications

Snap action, limit switches are widely used in various industrial, automotive, aerospace and other applications, where reactivity, reliability and durability are important issues. These switches provide reliable and consistent switching action, and are used in a variety of motion control applications. They are commonly used for safety, process and system monitoring, for detecting position, for controlling actuators and for protecting equipment from being operated beyond its design limits. They can be used in mechanical systems, such as control panels, counterbores, control switches and motor control systems. They are also used in a wide array of home and commercial appliances.

Working Principle

Snap action, limit switches typically consist of an electrical switch, a moving mechanism and an actuating process. The switch is activated when the moving mechanism reaches a predefined limit or threshold. When the trigger limit is exceeded, the switch is activated and opens or closes the circuit that it controls. Depending on the particular switch, the contact may have a normally-open state or may be normally-closed. This means that the contact is open or closed respectively, when the contact is not actuated.

The actuating process can be either electrical or mechanical. In the case of an electrical actuating process, the limit switch operates when an alternating current or direct current is applied to it. The switch can be adjusted to a certain voltage level by varying the resistance of the actuating circuit. On the other hand, in the case of a mechanical actuating process, a mechanical element, such as a plunger, lever or armature, actuates the switch. As the limit is reached, the mechanical element moves, closing or opening the contact accordingly.

In order to prevent damage to the mechanical element and the contact points, a damping mechanism is typically provided with the switch. This could include using a spring or some form of lubricant. The spring should be strong enough to keep the contact closed against the force of the actuating element, and yet not so strong that it causes excessive wear on the element.

Snap action, limit switches offer fast response times, high reliability and repeatability. They provide an economical alternative to other sensing devices and can operate in a wide variety of temperatures, pressures, shocks and vibration levels. These switches are widely used in the automation industry and are specified for a range of applications. They are designed for easy installation, consistency and repeatability of the system, and can provide high-speed dynamic operation.

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