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Gas discharge tube surge arrester (GDT) is a device installed in the electrical circuit in order to protect it from lightning and other causes of surge voltage. Developed in the USSR in the mid-1960s, gas discharge tube surge arresters can now be found in a variety of applications and are an integral part of many surge protection devices.

The most basic form of gas discharge tube surge arrester is a two-terminal device. It consists of two metal contacts, which are separated by a gas-filled chamber. When a certain threshold voltage is applied across the two terminals, the electrons in the gas ionize and rush to the electrodes, creating a plasma pathway. This plasma conducts the current, thereby limiting the voltage across the terminals.

Gas discharge tube surge arresters are also often used in combination with other components. This is very useful, because it enables multiple protection against many different kinds of surge voltages. For example, a gas discharge tube surge arrester can be used in combination with resistors and varistors. The resistor limits the current and the varistor limits the voltage, providing a comprehensive protection solution.

Gas discharge tube surge arresters can also be used in the form of metal oxide varistors (MOVs). MOVs are specialized varistors that are designed to respond quickly to transient voltage surge events and automatically restore to their off state. They work in conjunction with a gas discharge tube arrester to provide reliable protection from lightnings, for example. MOVs can be used as primary surge protection, or in combination with other components to enhance high-energy surge protection. They are also widely used in industrial and office environments, where surge protection is of prime importance.

In addition to using gas discharge tube surge arresters for surge protection, they can also be used for other applications. For example, they can be used as switches, triacs, and rectifiers for controlling electrical currents. They can also be used as overvoltage protectors, circuit breakers, or transient voltage filters. Gas discharge tube surge arresters are also widely used in power systems for regulating voltage levels and smoothing voltage transients.

The working principle of gas discharge tube surge arresters is based on the principle of capacitive voltage divider. As the current passes through the arrester, the capacitance of the device is increased, thus dividing the voltage across the two terminals and reducing the potential applied to the load. This reduces the peak and resultant surge current, thereby protecting the system from surge damage.

Gas discharge tube surge arresters are a reliable and cost-efficient solution for providing surge protection. Their combination of safety and performance makes them an ideal choice for protecting electric circuits. In addition, their flexibility and adaptability mean that they can be used in a wide variety of applications, giving users the power to protect their facilities from dangerous surges.

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