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Gas Discharge Tube Arresters (GDT) is a commonly used electricity protection device. It is used in many industrial and commercial fields in order to protect the sensitive electronic equipment from unexpected electrical voltage transients. The GDT device is made up of a gas-filled tube, usually a “Noble” gas, containing a high-voltage breakdown potential and is capable of blocking the overvoltage by its breakdown process. Depending on the gas filled in the tube and the type of insulation material used, the breakdown potential and the energy level can be adjusted.

In general, there are four main functions of GDT, including: current limitation, voltage regulation, energy absorption, and impedance matching. These functions can be used in combination, resulting in improved electrical protection performance of the equipment.

Regarding the application of GDT, the device is widely used in power lines, electric distribution systems, microwave communication links, and telecommunications networks. Since GDT has the capability to provide protection from transients and surges, it is suitable for the immediate protection of sensitive electronic equipment. Furthermore, gas-filled tubes are often used in industrial-grade motor controllers in order to protect the controller from a power surge or sudden current interruption.

In terms of the working principle of GDT, the device consists of a gas-filled tube and two electrodes. The gas inside the tube functions as an electrical insulator and keeps the two electrodes apart. When a large or excessive voltage is fed to the GDT, the gas begins to ionize and a spark runs through the electrodes, forming a conductive arc. This spark dissipates a large amount of electrical energy and prevents the overvoltage from reaching the sensitive components of the equipment.

As for the mechanism of GDT, when an excessive voltage passes through the tube, the gas molecules become overwhelmed. This causes the formation of a conductive channel due to the accumulation of gas molecules at the electrodes. The current then uses this channel to flow across the tube and the energy is dissipated in the form of heat and light. Once the voltage decreases, the conductive channel is destroyed and the gas molecules return to their original state.

Overall, GDT can provide effective protection from overvoltage and surges. The device has been widely used in many industrial and commercial fields in order to protect the sensitive electronic equipment from unexpected electrical transients. The working principle and mechanism of GDT are simple and yet efficient.

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