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Gas Discharge Tube Arresters (GDT) is an important method for preventing damages to Electric Power Equipment (EPE) that are caused by over-voltage of lightning and static electricity. As a reliable surge protective device, GDT has been widely used in power systems in various applications fields such as lightning protection, over-voltage protection, security against high-voltage spikes and more.

Gas Discharge Tube Arresters (GDT), also known as spark-gap tubes, are used in a broad range of applications. A GDT consists of two electrodes placed opposite each other in a sealed gas chamber. One electrode is connected to ground and the other to the equipment which needs protection. An inexpensive electrical charge is applied between the two electrodes, with this charge the tube is triggered. When the charge applied between the electrodes reaches a certain level, the gas in the sealed chamber ionizes, creating current conducting paths within the gas. This allows current to travel from one electrode to the other which discharges the energy, dissipating it against ground.

The voltage used to discharge the GDT normally ranges from several hundred volts to several thousand volts. This voltage, or breakdown voltage, is determined by the gap size between the electrodes, the pressure of the gas within the sealed chamber, and the types of materials used for the electrodes. The breakdown voltage is the point at which electrical current will flow through and discharge the GDT.

The primary working principle of Gas Discharge Tube Arresters (GDT) is that they limit the amount of voltage that can reach electrical power equipment and appliances. This is possible because the tube has a limited breakdown voltage, and any voltage that is higher than the breakdown voltage will be discharged through the tube. This process works as a shield that can prevent further damage to the equipment. GDT also plays a role in providing protection against high-voltage sparks, which could cause significant damage to surrounding equipment.

The uses of GDT vary depending on the application. In lightning protection applications, GDT are used in order to limit the amount of voltage that lightning current creates which may cause severe damages to electric power equipment. GDT is also used in over-voltage and high voltage transient protection, where it limits the amount of voltage that is transferred from one power supply line to another. In addition, it can be used for power supply systems to protect equipment from lightning strikes and short-term over-voltage conditions.

GDT are widely used in industrial electrical circuits too. GDT can reduce and limit the amount of voltage to equipment and circuits in order to avoid damage. And it is often used for protecting circuits from overloads, short circuits and lightning strikes. In order to make the GDT effective, the proper type of GDT should be selected for the application and it should be connected correctly in order to achieve the best possible protection.

In short, GDTs are an important component of any electrical power related system and application. They offer excellent protection against surges of electrical current, provide protection against over-voltage and high-voltage transient conditions, and can limit the amount of voltage to equipment and circuits. GDTs are safe, easy to install and maintain, cost-effective, and reliable.

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