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Thyristors - TRIACs are three terminal power controlling semiconductor devices which control the current or voltage applied to the third terminal by controlling the current flowing in two other terminals. It switches signals between two alternating current (AC) loads. TRIAC is a acronym of "Triode for Alternating Current” and it is category of thyristors. It was invented by GE researchers in 1956 which can be operated connecting its main terminal in both directions of the current. It is composed of five layers of alternating N and P type materials and it has two PN junctions called MT1 (Main Terminal 1) and MT2 (Main Terminal 2).

TRIAC is widely used in AC switching applications because it can easily conducts in both directions and it works as a high frequency switch. Since it works at alternating current, it has an advantage of remanent properties when it is switched off. Normally it is used to provide an interface between two different powers. It is also used for dimmer switches for controlling the speed of fans and other motors.

The working principle of TRIAC is very simple. It can be triggered from its two gate terminals. When gate current impulse is given, the two gate terminals becomes forward biased and current flows from Gate 1 (G1) to Gate 2 (G2) which produces a low resistance path between the Main Terminal 1 (MT1) and Main Terminal 2 (MT2). This low resistance between Main terminals allows the current to flow in both directions. It is also possible to control the voltage and current in both directions, it is widely used as a variable voltage controller.

TRIACs are widely used in domestic and commercial applications, like power supplies, motor controllers and other switching and controlling circuits. It is also used in many consumer appliances such as electric ovens and washing machines. It is also used in light dimmers, where it is used to control the light intensity by controlling the voltage and current applied on the lamp. It is also used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, where it is used to control and easily switch the operation of the compressors and motors.

TRIACs also find their applications in industrial control and automation system. It can be used for controlling the heating elements and motors used in many industrial production and processes. It is used in the automation systems for controlling AC signals. It is also used for various security systems like smoke detection systems and intruder alarm systems.

Apart from the above mentioned applications, TRIACs are also used in the electronic control systems of cars and other vehicles. It is used for controlling current flow in the ignition coils and other circuits of the vehicles. It is also used in audio circuits and is used to control the current applied in the audio amplifiers.

In summary, TRIAC is a thyristor which has three terminals and has a wide range of applications. It can be used for AC switching and controlling circuit designs by utilizing its fast switching action. It is easy to operate and is used in many industrial, consumer and automotive control systems.

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