PCR11

Series:	PCR
Part Status:	Active
Accessory Type:	Optical Sensor Module
For Use With/Related Products:	--

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Introduction

PCR ( polymerase chain reaction ) is a widely used tecnology in molecular biology. It can amplify a certain segment of a DNA molecule millions of times in a matter of hours. Every day, PCRs are used to analyze and study genetic information in different disciplines, from forensic science to biology and phylogenetics.

Application Fields

1. Molecular and Cell Biology: PCRs are used in molecular biology to identify different types of genetic markers in organisms. PCRs can be used to compare chromosomal copies in different species and to identify genes in a particular organism. This helps us discover the relationships between species and different organs.2. Diagnostics and Clinical Research: PCRs are used in clinical research to detect genetic diseases or certain infectious diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. This allows doctors to diagnose diseases quickly and accurately.3. Forensics: PCRs are widely used in forensic science to compare genetic profiles and distinguish between different people. This is helpful for prosecutors in court cases, or to find out a person’s identity in missing persons cases.4. Agriculture: PCRs are used in agriculture research to help detect crop diseases or the presence of specific genetic traits in plants. This helps to increase crop yields and improve the quality of food.

How PCR Works

PCR works by amplifying DNA segments in a sample by heating and cooling cycles as well as using various enzymes.1. DNA isolation: The first step is to isolate the DNA from the sample. This can be done using a variety of techniques, such as using a centrifuge to separate out the DNA from other components.2. Primer: This is a piece of DNA, usually around 20 nucleotides long, that is complementary to the segment of DNA to be amplified. These are attached to the template DNA molecule and act as markers.3. Taq polymerase: This is an enzyme that is added to the sample in the beginning of the reaction. It is used to help with the replication of the DNA segments.4. Heating and cooling cycles: The sample is put through a series of heating and cooling cycles. This helps to break apart the DNA strands so that the PCR can start the replication process.5. Polymerase: The polymerase is a special enzyme that is used to catalyze the replication process.6. Primer extension: The primer is extended by adding new nucleotides to the strand. This helps to create two new strands of DNA from the original strand.7. End result: After the PCR reaction, the sample contains millions of copies of the original DNA segment. This can then be used for further analysis or experimentation.

Conclusion

PCR is a powerful tool in molecular biology. It can be used to amplify a DNA segment millions of times and is used in different fields such as diagnosing diseases, forensic investigation and agriculture. The process of PCR involves DNA isolation, primer attachment, Taq polymerase, heating and cooling cycles, polymerase and primer extension. The end result is millions of copies of the original DNA segment.

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