PEMI2STD/WP,115

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An EMI/RFI filter – short for electromagnetic interference/radio frequency interference filter – is a device designed to suppress electromagnetic interference in electrical equipment. EMI filters are useful for reigning interfering signals in any environment that is being affected by such, such as in car electronics, computers, and TV units. EMI filters are designed to mitigate the damaging effects of electrostatic discharge, conducted transients, harmonics, and surges.

The most common type of EMI/RFI filter is the LC, or inductor-capacitor, filter. This type of filter works by using a combination of inductors (coils) and capacitors (two metal plates separated by an insulating material) to suppress unwanted signals while permitting desirable signals to pass. The inductors suspend the flow of the EMI, forcing it to dissipate while the capacitors store the energy in the form of an electric field. In this way, LC filters are capable of making the transition from a high-impedance to a low-impedance portion of a circuit. This makes LC filters particularly useful for applications such as protecting sensitive components from high-voltage transients.

A related filter type is the RC, or resistor-capacitor, filter. RC filters work in a similar way as LC filters by using a combination of resistors and capacitors. However, in this case the resistors dissipate the energy within the filter rather than force it to dissipate elsewhere, allowing the capacitors to block the EMI. Generally, RC filters are used in more basic applications such as for protecting consumer electronics and power supplies from surges, ESD, and EMI.

One common application of EMI/RFI filters is in cellular phones. The filters are designed to suppress the EMI that is generated from the power supplies and internal components of the phone in order to reduce the amount of interference it carries to nearby equipment. This is important for ensuring that the phone has good signal quality, as well as reliable reception.

Another application of EMI/RFI filters is in military equipment. EMI filters are particularly useful here, as they are able to suppress the electromagnetic signal while still allowing for a reliable communication link. This is especially important as military equipment is often used in high-risk environments where radiation can interfere with communications.

Finally, EMI/RFI filters can be used in medical equipment. In particular, they are used to protect equipment from radiated EMI, which can have potentially damaging effects on medical equipment. EMI/RFI filters can also be used to block ESD (electrostatic discharge) from occurring, which is especially important for equipment used in medical settings. This ensures that the equipment is safe and reliable for use.

In summary, EMI/RFI filters are essential for providing reliable and safe electronic equipment in a variety of applications. They are particularly useful for filtering out unwanted signals in high-risk environments, such as in consumer electronics and in military and medical settings. Both LC and RC filters are available to suit different needs, and are able to provide reliable protection against EMI/RFI interference.

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